Kinetic Behavior of Quaternary Ammonium Hydroxides in Mixed Methane and Carbon Dioxide Hydrates

Khan, Muhammad Saad; Bavoh, Cornelius B.; Foo, Khor Siak; Shariff, Azmi Mohd; Kassim, Zamzila; Othman, Nurzatil Aqmar; Lal, Bhajan; Ahmed, Iqbal; Rahman, Mohammad Azizur; Gomari, Sina Rezaei

doi:10.3390/molecules26020275

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 64 publications

(86 reference statements)

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“…The deposition of gas hydrates in natural gas and oil pipelines may gradually cause blockage of the pipeline, which further affects the flow of gas and oil, and even poses serious safety accidents. Amino acids were initially investigated as inhibitors of gas hydrates [76][77][78][79][80]. Until 2015, Liu et al [45] used amino acids as additives with the purpose of accelerating hydrate generation, and verified that some amino acids such as L-leucine could be adopted to be effective promoters to raise the growth speed of methane hydrate.…”

Section: Effect Of Amino Acids Concentration With Different Gas Hydra...mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Natural Gas Hydrate Formation with Amino Acids

2022

JMSE

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Natural gas is a kind of low-carbon energy source with abundant reserves globally and high calorific value. It is cleaner and more efficient than oil and coal. Enlarging the utilization of natural gas is also one of the important ways to reduce carbon emissions in the world. Solidified natural gas technology (SNG) stores natural gas in solid hydrates, which is a prospective, efficient, safe and environmental-friendly strategy of natural gas storage and transport. However, the slow growth rate and randomness of nucleation during natural gas hydrate formation in pure water hinder the industrial application of this technology. As a kind of new and potential additives, biodegradable amino acids can be adopted as favorable kinetic promoters for natural gas hydrate synthesis. Compared with other frequently used chemical additives, amino acids are usually more friendly to the environment, and are capable of avoiding foam formation during complete decomposition of gas hydrates. In this paper, we have reviewed the research progress of gas hydrate generation under the promotion of amino acids. The formation systems in which amino acids can enhance the growth speed of gas hydrates are summarized, and the impact of the concentration in different systems and the side chains of amino acids on hydrate growth have been illustrated. The thermodynamic and kinetic behaviors as well as the morphology properties of hydrate formation with amino acids are summarized, and the promotion mechanism is also analyzed for better selection of this kind of potential additives in the future.

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Section: Effect Of Amino Acids Concentration With Different Gas Hydra...mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Natural Gas Hydrate Formation with Amino Acids

2022

JMSE

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“…73 The following is a formula for calculating relative inhibitory power: The memory effect is related to the history of the hydrate, indicating that the hydrate's structure remains in the solution, another important parameter in gas hydrate kinetics. 74 The solution with a memory effect is more likely to form hydrates than a fresh solution, reducing the induction time. For the oil and gas industry, the memory effect has significant implications.…”

Section: Evaluation Of Experimental Kinetic Hydrate Inhibitors (Khis)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Gas Hydrate in Oil-Dominant Systems: A Review

et al. 2022

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Gas hydrate risks minimization in deepsea hydrocarbon flowlines, especially in high water to oil ratios, and is critical for the oil and gas flow assurance industry. Although there are several reviews on gas hydrate mitigation in gas-dominated systems, limited reviews have been dedicated to the understanding and mechanism of hydrate formation and mitigation in oil-dominated systems. Hence, this review article discusses and summarizes the prior studies on the hydrate formation behavior and mitigation in oil-dominated multiphase systems. The factors (such as oil volume or water cut, bubble point, and hydrate formers) that affect hydrate formation in oil systems are also discussed in detail. Furthermore, insight into the hydrate mitigation and mechanism in oil systems is also presented in this review. Also, a detailed table on the various studied hydrate tests in oil systems, including the experimental methods, inhibitor type, conventions, and testing conditions, is provided in this work. The findings presented in this work are relevant for developing the best solution to manage hydrate formation in oil-dominated systems for the oil and gas industry.

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“…THI inhibitors’ ability to form hydrogen bonds is thought to be the most critical trait for thermodynamic hydrate mitigation. − To better understand the thermodynamic inhibitory mechanism on the alkyl chain (cations) and selective anions, the study is extended to look at the hydrogen bonding capabilities of the examined QAS and QAS-MEG systems. For further analysis, the Δ of the reported systems is correlated with the hydrogen bonding abilities of the QAS system.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…CO 2 also has an acidic nature and can cause corrosion and hydrate issues in the presence of water. Moreover, the high degree of CO 2 content in deep-water pipeline conditions increases the risk of forming solid gas hydrate plugs inside them. − …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Hydrogen Bonding Energy and Freezing Point Depression of Quaternary Ammonium Salts on the Thermodynamic Gas Hydrate Inhibition

Qasim,

Idris,

Mushtaq

et al. 2023

J. Chem. Eng. Data

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The effects of the hydrogen bonding energy interaction and freezing point depression on five quaternary ammonium salts (QAS) of gas hydrate systems are discussed in this study. Tetramethylammonium bromide, tetraethylammonium bromide, tetramethylammonium acetate, tetraethylammonium acetate tetrahydrate, and tetramethylammonium iodide were among the QAS studied. Methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2), frequently encountered in flow assurance pipelines, are included in the considered hydrate system. The experimental temperature range is 274–285 K, with 3.40–8.30 and 2.0–4.0 as the corresponding pipeline pressures for CH4 and CO2. For different mass concentrations (1, 5, and 10 wt.%), the thermodynamic influence, i.e., average suppression temperature (Δ ), of the studied system was reported, and its relationship with the hydrogen bonding energy (E HB) interaction and freezing point temperature (T f) of QAS was investigated. The structural impact of QAS (in the form of alkyl chain variation) and anions on thermodynamic hydrate inhibition (THI) behavior via hydrogen bonding energy interactions and freezing point is also covered in the research. According to the findings, the increase in the alkyl chain length of QAS reduced the decrease in E HB bonding ability. On the other hand, the presence of an anion had a significant impact on QAS. The E HB and QAS freezing T f are concentration-dependent phenomena; higher QAS concentration in the system resulted in lower T f temperatures and higher E HB energies, which influenced hydrate mitigation positively. The work is novel as it establishes the relationship between E HB and average suppression temperature and also between depression in freezing point with average suppression temperature. Since QAS are considered among potential THI inhibitors, further development is required for a generalized correlation based on the E HB interaction and T f.

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Kinetic Behavior of Quaternary Ammonium Hydroxides in Mixed Methane and Carbon Dioxide Hydrates

Cited by 11 publications

References 64 publications

A Review of Natural Gas Hydrate Formation with Amino Acids

A Review of Natural Gas Hydrate Formation with Amino Acids

Gas Hydrate in Oil-Dominant Systems: A Review

Effect of Hydrogen Bonding Energy and Freezing Point Depression of Quaternary Ammonium Salts on the Thermodynamic Gas Hydrate Inhibition

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