“…For example, several reviews focused on adults with depression (Chan et al, 2011 ; Maratos et al, 2008 ; Tang et al, 2020 ; Zhao et al, 2016 ) while others have examined specific subgroups including those with serious mental illness (Carr et al, 2013 ; Gold et al, 2009 ), general mental health conditions (Lee & Thyer, 2013 ), health-related quality of life (McCrary et al, 2022 ), and justice-involved youth (Daykin et al, 2013 ). Systematic reviews and meta-analyses focused on children and adolescents experiencing mental health conditions have reported medium effect sizes (Belski et al, 2021 ; Geipel et al, 2018 ; Gold et al, 2004 ). For example, Geipel and colleagues’ ( 2018 ) meta-analysis focused on internalizing disorders and included five studies; the results indicated significant effects in favor of music-based interventions with a medium effect size.…”