Review—Recent Developments on Graphene-Based Electrochemical Sensors toward Nitrite

Li, Guangli; Xia, Yueyuan; Tian, Yaling; Wu, Yiyong; Li, Jun; He, Quanguo; Chen, Dongchu

doi:10.1149/2.0171912jes

Cited by 168 publications

(93 citation statements)

References 171 publications

(218 reference statements)

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“…This method was also applied to the biological samples such as human serum and urine to prove the practical applications. The preparation of the serum samples wasbased onthe previous report [47][48][49][50]. The samples were diluted with PBS and the standard Trpsolution was supplemented to calculate the recovery.…”

Section: Sample Determinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensitive Voltammetric Sensor for Tryptophan Detection by Using Polyvinylpyrrolidone Functionalized Graphene/GCE

Liu

Feng

et al. 2020

Nanomaterials

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In this paper, an electrochemical method for the measurement of tryptophan (Trp) was developed based on a glassy carbon electrode modified with polyvinylpyrrolidonefunctionalized graphene (PVP-GR)/glassy carbon electrode (GCE). In 0.1 M phosphate buffer solution (PBS, pH = 2.2), compared with bare GCE, PVP/GCE, and GR/GCE, the oxidation peak current of Trp increased dramatically at PVP-GR/GCE. The oxidation mechanism of Trp on the PVP-GR/GCE was discussed and the experimental conditions were optimized. Under the best experimental conditions, the oxidation peak current of Trp was proportional to its concentration in the range of 0.06 µM–10.0 µM and 10.0–100.0 µM, and the limit of detection (LOD) was 0.01 µM (S/N = 3). The target modified electrode with excellent repeatability, stability and selectivity, was successfully applied to detectTrp in drugs and biological samples.

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Section: Sample Determinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensitive Voltammetric Sensor for Tryptophan Detection by Using Polyvinylpyrrolidone Functionalized Graphene/GCE

Liu

Feng

et al. 2020

Nanomaterials

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“…However, these analytical techniques are not always available and involve complicated and time-consuming pretreatment procedures that require expensive instruments and toxic solvents. In recent years, electroanalytical techniques have attracted growing attention and showed promising applications in sensing bioactive molecules and food contaminants due to their portability, cost-effective, rapid response, facile operation, and high sensitivity [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21]. Therefore, it is feasible to miniaturize the devices for in situ determination.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Titania/Electro-Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanohybrid as an Efficient Electrochemical Sensor for the Determination of Allura Red

Jin

et al. 2020

Nanomaterials

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Titania/electro-reduced graphene oxide nanohybrids (TiO2/ErGO) were synthesized by the hydrolysis of titanium sulfate in graphene oxide suspension and in situ electrochemical reduction. It provides a facile and efficient method to obtain nanohybrids with TiO2 nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) uniformly coated by graphene nanoflakes. TiO2/ErGO nanohybrids were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, cyclic voltammogram, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy in detail. Compared with pure ErGO and TiO2 NPs, TiO2/ErGO nanohybrids greatly enhanced the electrocatalytic activity and voltammetric response of Allura Red. In the concentration range of 0.5–5.0 μM, the anodic peak currents of Allura Red were linearly correlated to their concentrations. However, the linear relationship was changed to the semi-logarithmic relationship at a higher concentration region (5.0–800 μM). The detection limit (LOD) was 0.05 μM at a signal-to-noise ratio of 3. The superior sensing performances of the proposed sensor can be ascribed to the synergistic effect between TiO2 NPs and ErGO, which provides a favorable microenvironment for the electrochemical oxidation of Allura Red. The proposed TiO2/ErGO/GCE showed good reproducibility and stability both in determination and in storage, and it can accurately detect the concentration of Allura Red in milk drinks, providing an efficient platform for the sensitive determination of Allura Red with high reliability, simplicity, and rapidness.

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“…Graphene is a two-dimensional carbon nanomaterial consisting of carbon atoms with sp 2 hybrid orbital and it has a honeycomb hexagonal lattice network and extends infinitely [39]. It is widely used to modify electrodes of electrochemical sensors because of its unique features such as larger specific surface area, stronger mechanical strength, higher conductivity and higher electrochemical activity [40,41]. According to the different molecular structure of graphene, it can be divided into graphene, graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide (as shown in Figure 1), different shape and structure with different performance.…”

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confidence: 99%

Application of Graphene-Based Materials for Detection of Nitrate and Nitrite in Water—A Review

Wang

et al. 2019

Sensors

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Nitrite and nitrate are widely found in various water environments but the potential toxicity of nitrite and nitrate poses a great threat to human health. Recently, many methods have been developed to detect nitrate and nitrite in water. One of them is to use graphene-based materials. Graphene is a two-dimensional carbon nano-material with sp 2 hybrid orbital, which has a large surface area and excellent conductivity and electron transfer ability. It is widely used for modifying electrodes for electrochemical sensors. Graphene based electrochemical sensors have the advantages of being low cost, effective and efficient for nitrite and nitrate detection. This paper reviews the application of graphene-based nanomaterials for electrochemical detection of nitrate and nitrite in water. The properties and advantages of the electrodes were modified by graphene, graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite in the development of nitrite sensors are discussed in detail. Based on the review, the paper summarizes the working conditions and performance of different sensors, including working potential, pH, detection range, detection limit, sensitivity, reproducibility, repeatability and long-term stability. Furthermore, the challenges and suggestions for future research on the application of graphene-based nanocomposite electrochemical sensors for nitrite detection are also highlighted.Sensors 2020, 20, 54 2 of 35 deaths. Nitrite in drinking water can irreversibly convert hemoglobin into methemoglobin, which results in a decrease in oxygen carrying capacity in the blood [5]. It can react with secondary amines to produce n-nitrosamines, which are likely to lead to gastric cancer [6]. Since nitrate is converted into nitrite in the digestive tract, it also very harmful to the human body [7]. It can also lead to the unnatural reproduction of aquatic plants and algae, leading to "red tides" and the death of fish [8,9]. The United States (U.S.) Environmental Protection Agency has limited the nitrite and nitrate content in drinking water to 1 mg/L and 10 mg/L [10] and other countries have made similar regulations. The concentration of nitrate and nitrite in water has become one of the indexes for evaluating water quality. Therefore, the detection of nitrate and nitrite in water samples at low concentrations has been the focus of research [11].So far, many methods have been used to detect nitrate and nitrite, such as spectrophotometry [12][13][14], chemiluminescence [15,16], chromatography [17], fluorescence [18,19] and electrochemical methods [20][21][22]. Among them, the electrochemical method is one of the most commonly used detection methods because of its advantages of being low cost, fast, direct and high efficiency [23]. However, the sensitivity and accuracy of the electrodes are reduced because of disturbance by other substances. Bare electrodes need higher applied potential, which limits the application of bare electrodes [24]. Therefore, electrochemical techniques based on modified electrodes have been extensively...

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Review—Recent Developments on Graphene-Based Electrochemical Sensors toward Nitrite

Cited by 168 publications

References 171 publications

Sensitive Voltammetric Sensor for Tryptophan Detection by Using Polyvinylpyrrolidone Functionalized Graphene/GCE

Sensitive Voltammetric Sensor for Tryptophan Detection by Using Polyvinylpyrrolidone Functionalized Graphene/GCE

Titania/Electro-Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanohybrid as an Efficient Electrochemical Sensor for the Determination of Allura Red

Application of Graphene-Based Materials for Detection of Nitrate and Nitrite in Water—A Review

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