Review on system and materials requirements for high temperature thermal energy storage. Part 1: General requirements

Abstract

High temperature thermal energy storage offers a huge energy saving potential in industrial applications such as solar energy, automotive, heating and cooling, and industrial waste heat recovery. However, certain requirements need to be faced in order to ensure an optimal performance, and to further achieve widespread deployment. In the present review, these requirements are identified for high temperature (> 150 ºC) thermal energy storage systems and materials (both sensible and latent), and the scientific studies carried out meeting them are reviewed. Currently, there is a lack of data in the literature analysing thermal energy storage from both the systems and materials point of view. In the part 1 of this review more than 25 requirements have been found and classified into chemical, kinetic, physical and thermal (from the material point of view), and environmental, economic and technologic (form both the material and system point of view). The enhancements focused on the thermal conductivity are addressed in the Part 2 of this review due to their research significance and extension.

Thermal energy storage of molten salt –based nanofluid containing nano-encapsulated metal alloy phase change materials

“…In latent heat storage processes, the energy absorbed or released is stored by a phase transition at a constant temperature. TES materials used for latent heat storage are the so called phase change materials (PCMs) and the stored heat is given by the specific latent heat or phase change enthalpy [5][6][7][8].…”

Phase Change Material Selection for Thermal Processes Working under Partial Load Operating Conditions in the Temperature Range between 120 and 200 °C

“…However, the PCM should fulfill several other requirements besides the two mentioned above. Gasia et al [4] summarized the main requirements for selecting proper TES materials and systems by classifying them into chemical, kinetic, physical, thermal, economic, environmental, and technological. Therefore, the selection procedure of a PCM becomes a crucial step for an optimum operation of the thermal process and the latent heat TES system.…”

Influence of the heat transfer fluid in a CSP plant molten salts charging process

“…And third, the HTF should be non-hazardous, should have a good chemical behaviour in terms of corrosion and compatibility with the piping material and HTFshould be cost-effective. Similar to Benoit et al [10], Vignarooban et al [11], and Gasia et al [12] reviewed the different types of HTF which are suitable for CSP plants and high temperature applications (liquids, supercritical fluids, and gases), their thermal and physical properties, their cost, and the most typical piping and container materials for HTF. They showed that thermodynamic cycle efficiencies could achieve values in a range between 35% and 42% by using thermal oil, molten salts or water/steam as HTF.…”