Review on recent progress in WO₃-based electrochromic films: preparation methods and performance enhancement strategies

Abstract

Transition metal oxides have drawn tremendous interest due to their unique physical and chemical properties. As one of the most promising electrochromic (EC) materials, tungsten trioxide (WO3) has attracted great...

Enhanced electrochromic properties of WO3/ITO nanocomposite smart windows

“…Tungsten oxide (WO 3 ) is the most promising electrochromic material due to its outstanding optical properties, including fast switching speed, high coloration efficiency, and low-cost preparation process. [4][5][6] Currently, the major problem in the eld of electrochromic materials [7][8][9] and devices is to further improve the contrast, coloration efficiency (CE), switching speed, and cycling life stability. In the past decades, researchers have proposed a number of strategies, such as constructing nanostructure, 10,11 regulating crystallinity, 12,13 and doping modications, 14,15 to improve the EC performance based on WO 3 .…”

Multicolored inorganic electrochromic materials: status, challenge, and prospects

“…Therefore, improving the monochromatic properties and universality of color adjustment of inorganic electrochromic materials has become a hotspot in the field of electrochromic materials. 25 Currently, there are three main strategies to achieve multicolor based on inorganic electrochromic materials: intrinsic color, [26][27][28] structural color, 29,30 and stacked color (Fig. 1).…”

“…Currently, there are three main strategies to achieve multicolor based on inorganic electrochromic materials: intrinsic color, 26–28 structural color, 29,30 and stacked color (Fig. 1).…”

Amorphous bismuth and GO co-doped WO3 electrochromic film with fast-switching time and long-term stability

“…1,2 This growing demand for energy-saving materials has sparked considerable interest in developing electrochromic smart glass capable of dynamically modulating visible light and solar radiation. Electrochromic materials exhibit reversible changes in their optical properties under external bias, 3 thereby offering significant potential for applications in smart windows, 4 displays, 5,6 thermal control, 7 and camouflage. 8 Electrochromic devices (ECDs) usually consist of five layers: transparent conductive layer, electrochromic layer, electrolyte layer, ion storage layer, and transparent conductive layer.…”

“…9 The electrochromic layer is the key component determining overall electrochromic performance. 3 Tungsten trioxide (WO 3 ) is a widely researched transition metal oxide and typical cathode electrochromic material, which results in changes of coloration when the ions are inserted/extracted into/out of the materials. 10 WO 3 electrochromic films exhibit high range of transmittance modulation (Δ T ), fast response speed and high coloration efficiency (CE), making it one of the most popular inorganic electrochromic materials.…”