Enhanced electrochromic properties of WO₃/ITO nanocomposite smart windows

Abstract

Tungsten oxide is regarded as the most promising electrochromic material owing to its continuously tunable optical properties, low cost, and high coloration efficiency.

Effect of metal dopants on the electrochromic performance of hydrothermally-prepared tungsten oxide materials

“…The transmittance change percentage (Δ T %) at a given specific wavelength of 560, 630 and 710 nm can be calculated using eqn (2). 25,39,40 As observed in Fig. 6 and Table 2, the Δ T % values increase with wavelength.…”

Multivalent-Ion versus Proton Insertion into Nanostructured Electrochromic WO3 from Mild Aqueous Electrolytes

“…At the same time, it is advisible to favor nanoporous and even amorphous WO 3 films as it reduces the average insertion distance of cations within the solid phase and also to prefer small size charge carriers as they are expected to lead in high rate capabilities and fast color switching times through fast solid-state diffusion . For these reasons, several groups have explored the possibility of reversibly inserting small multivalent cations such as Al 3+ and/or Zn 2+ into WO 3 , using multivalent ions-based weakly acidic aqueous electrolytes. ,− In these works, the reversible insertion of Al 3+ was finally asserted as the effective electrochromic charge storage mechanism for monoclinic W 18 O 49 nanowires, − nanostructured hexagonal WO 3 , , amorphous WO 3 , ,, and nanosheets WO 3 , but also for mixed oxides such as Nb 18 W 16 O 93 . A recurrent argument to support this intercalation mechanism is that Al 3+ has a smaller ionic radius (54 pm) than that of Li + (76 pm).…”

Electrochromic materials: Scope for the cyclic decay mechanisms and performance stability optimisation strategies

“…With the advancement of nanomaterials research, the advantages of nanostructures in a variety of applications are gradually being explored, and they have great potential to improve the efficiency and durability of ECMs, as well as the ability to tailor the morphology of the material, porosity, and so forth on a nanoscale as needed to improve other conductivity properties of the material. 21,75,76 Most of the early studies on the introduction of nanostructures in ECMs were based on the preparation of nanocomposite films. Zhi et al 77 repaired mesoporous titanium dioxide/reduced graphene oxide (TiO 2 /RGO) nanocomposite films by means of a novel scalable method combining surfactant template and EC deposition with the help of sodium dodecylbenzene sulphonate.…”