Review on mechanisms and continuum models of multi-phase transport phenomena in porous structures of non-aqueous Li-Air batteries

Yuan, Jinliang; Yu, Jong‐Sung; Sundén, Bengt

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2014.12.078

Cited by 57 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…Electrolyte transport is modeled using a combination of expressions for diffusion, migration and convective mass flux [116], as well as a source term stemming from the chemical reactions described above [150,151]. While the fundamental components of electrolyte transport models are universal, their exact form can vary based on the ionic strength [116] and pH [3] of the electrolyte.…”

Section: Cell Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Model-Based Design Tools for Metal-Air Batteries

2018

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Abstract:The advent of large-scale renewable energy generation and electric mobility is driving a growing need for new electrochemical energy storage systems. Metal-air batteries, particularly zinc-air, are a promising technology that could help address this need. While experimental research is essential, it can also be expensive and time consuming. The utilization of well-developed theory-based models can improve researchers' understanding of complex electrochemical systems, guide development, and more efficiently utilize experimental resources. In this paper, we review the current state of metal-air batteries and the modeling methods that can be implemented to advance their development. Microscopic and macroscopic modeling methods are discussed with a focus on continuum modeling derived from non-equilibrium thermodynamics. An applied example of zinc-air battery engineering is presented.

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Section: Cell Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Model-Based Design Tools for Metal-Air Batteries

2018

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“…[83][84][85] However, it should be noted that the irregular deposition of thick fi lm-like or large toroid-like Li 2 O 2 , which is insoluble in the organic electrolyte, can cause serious volume expansion of the carbon cathode, thus resulting in a serious structure degradation and a subsequent decayed cycling of the Li-O 2 battery. [ 51,61 ] To correct this defi ciency, the construction of a carbon cathode with suffi cient void space to prevent the damage caused by Li 2 O 2 deposition on the cathode architecture is a choice of primary importance.…”

Section: Mechanical Stability Strengthening Of Carbon Cathodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Progress on Stability Enhancement for Cathode in Rechargeable Non‐Aqueous Lithium‐Oxygen Battery

Zhou

Liu

et al. 2015

Advanced Energy Materials

135

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Li-O 2 batteries could benefi t transportation electrifi cation and large scale renewable energy storage.The exceptionally high energy density of Li-O 2 battery mainly originates from two aspects. [ 18 ] First, oxygen, the cathode material, is sourced outside environment rather than being stored within the battery, thus helping to reduce the weight of the assembled cell; Second, during the discharge process, the lithium anode (lithium metal) can deliver an extremely high specifi c capacity (3860 mAh g −1 ) and rather low electrochemical potential (−3.04 V vs. standard hydrogen electrode, SHE), [ 19 ] ensuring a desirable discharge capacity and a high operation voltage, respectively. There are currently four types of Li-O 2 battery being investigated based on the employed electrolyte solvents: a) non-aqueous aprotic solvents, b) aqueous solvents, c) hybrid non-aqueous and aqueous solvents, and d) all solid-state solvents. [20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29] The focus of this article is exclusively on Li-O 2 batteries with non-aqueous solvents because these have dominated research efforts on Li-O 2 batteries for the past decade. For brevity, all of the Li-O 2 batteries discussed are operated with non-aqueous electrolytes. A typical rechargeable Li-O 2 battery consists of a metallic Li anode, a separator saturated with Li + conducting electrolyte, and a porous gas diffusion cathode. Upon discharge, the O 2 breathed outside is reduced on the active sites of cathode and combines with Li + to produce Li 2 O 2 ; while the direction is reversed with the peroxide oxidized to O 2 and Li + during charge. [ 2,[30][31][32][33] The electrochemical pathways described are: 2Li + O 2 ↔ Li 2 O 2 . [ 32,33 ] As witnessed over the past decade, impressive progress has been made toward the commercialization of Li-O 2 batteries. [34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42] For example, as a media to transfer Li + ions and O 2 molecules during the cycling of a Li-O 2 battery, the properties of the electrolyte used are demonstrated to exert a prominent effect on the performances of Li-O 2 battery. Numerous researches have been conducted in the electrolyte fi eld followed with encouraging results. [ 34 ] Simultaneously, various in situ and ex situ analysis techniques have been developed to address chemical species of reduction intermediate and fi nal products, which has aided in gaining mechanistic insights into oxygen-based electrochemistry, thus allowing for breakthroughs to be achieved for effi cient energy storage. [ 35 ] However, it should be noted that the development of this promising Li-O 2 technology is still in its infancy and to make the Li-O 2 battery suitable for practical The pressing demand on the electronic vehicles with long driving range on a single charge has necessitated the development of next-generation highenergy-density batteries. Non-aqueous Li-O 2 batteries have received rapidly growing attention due to their higher theoretical energy densities compared to those of state-of-the-art Li-ion batteries.To make them pra...

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“…eff ED [28] where the kinetic and concentration over-potential on cathode, η C , is obtained through iterations at a given discharge current density I. The potential drop over the precipitated Li 2 O 2 film, η ohm,Li 2 O 2 , is calculated based on the microstructural evolution of the porous electrode, Eq.…”

Section: Assumptions-mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Modeling Study of the Pore Size Evolution in Lithium-Oxygen Battery Electrodes

2015

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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This study develops a statistics model that investigates the microstructural evolution of porous electrodes and couples the micro structural changes with a computational fluid dynamics model to simulate the discharge performance of an 800-μm-thick electrode at 1 A/m 2 . This study considers the fact that pores that are too small to hold reactants, smaller than a critical pore size, do not contribute to the discharge of the battery. It is found that when the pore size of the electrode increases, the discharge capacity of the electrode first increases due to the improved mass transfer and then decreases due to the decrease of the effective surface area. For instance, when the critical pore size is set as 10 nm, the discharge capacity gradually increases from 86.6 to 214.8 mAh/g carbon when the mean pore size of the electrode increases from 10 to 50 nm, followed by a capacity decrease to 150.8 mAh/g carbon when the mean pore size further increases to 100 nm. This study also finds that alternating the discharge current between 0 (open circuit condition) and the setting current rate can increase the discharge capacity of the lithium-oxygen battery because the oxygen concentration in the electrode increases during the open circuit condition. The increasing energy demands from portable electronic devices and the target of 300 miles driving range of electric vehicles have placed tremendous pressure on current electrical storage systems. Electric storage technologies with very high specific energy are required in order to meet the ever increasing energy demand without significantly increase the weight of the energy storage system. The lithium-oxygen battery is considered as a promising energy storage technology for portable and transportation applications considering its exceptionally high specific energy. Within four types of lithiumoxygen batteries, 1 the battery using organic electrolyte has attracted the most attention.2 Although the active intermediates may react with non-aqueous electrolytes and produce lithium carbonate, lithium hydroxide, and lithium alkyl carbonate, 3-6 the main product is expected to be Li 2 O 2 2 . The overall reaction happens during charge and discharge of a lithium-oxygen battery using organic electrolyte is:The theoretical energy density of the lithium-oxygen battery is calculated to be 11,680 Wh (kg lithium) −1 or 2,790 Wh (kg lithium and oxygen) −1 . 7 The measured specific energy of lithium-oxygen batteries reported in literature, however, is less than 10% of the theoretical specific energy. 8,9 The power, capacity and efficiency of batteries are restricted by the cathode gas diffusion electrode (GDE), which is typically made from carbon material, considering the high energy density of lithium metal and fast reaction rate of lithium electrode. 6,[10][11][12][13][14] In particular, the low solubility and diffusivity of oxygen in nonaqueous electrolytes limit the current density and the capacity of the battery.9,15-19 Meanwhile, pores with different sizes in the electrode have different im...

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Review on mechanisms and continuum models of multi-phase transport phenomena in porous structures of non-aqueous Li-Air batteries

Cited by 57 publications

References 77 publications

A Review of Model-Based Design Tools for Metal-Air Batteries

A Review of Model-Based Design Tools for Metal-Air Batteries

Recent Progress on Stability Enhancement for Cathode in Rechargeable Non‐Aqueous Lithium‐Oxygen Battery

A Modeling Study of the Pore Size Evolution in Lithium-Oxygen Battery Electrodes

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