Review on flammability of biofibres and biocomposites

Mngomezulu, Mfiso Emmanuel; John, Maya Jacob; Jacobs, Valencia; Luyt, A. S.

doi:10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.03.071

Cited by 171 publications

(132 citation statements)

References 143 publications

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“…As one of the most widely used flame retardants, halogen-containing additives (RX) act by interfering with the combustion cycle in the gas phase, where the key combustion radicals ( • OH and H • ) are removed by decomposed halogenated species (Equations (3)-(6)) thus effectively interfering in their oxidation [19,29]. As a result, the effective flame retardant species is HX, which is replaced with the less reactive X • and regenerated by chemical equation (4).…”

Section: Summary Of Gas Phase Flame Retardant Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

An Overview of Mode of Action and Analytical Methods for Evaluation of Gas Phase Activities of Flame Retardants

et al. 2015

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Abstract:The latest techniques used to prove, describe and analyze the gas phase activity of a fire retardant used in polymeric materials are briefly reviewed. Classical techniques, such as thermogravimetric analysis or microscale combustion calorimetry, as well as complex and advanced analytical techniques, such as modified microscale combustion calorimeter (MCC), molecular beam mass spectroscopy and vacuum ultra violet (VUV) photoionization spectroscopy coupled with time of flight MS (TOF-MS), are described in this review. The recent advances in analytical techniques help not only in determining the gas phase activity of the flame-retardants but also identify possible reactive species responsible for gas phase flame inhibition. The complete understanding of the decomposition pathways and the flame retardant activity of a flame retardant system is essential for the development of new eco-friendly-tailored flame retardant molecules with high flame retardant efficiency.

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Section: Summary Of Gas Phase Flame Retardant Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

An Overview of Mode of Action and Analytical Methods for Evaluation of Gas Phase Activities of Flame Retardants

et al. 2015

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“…Natural fibers are preferred due to its advantages such as low cost, low density, low abrasion towards tools and its degradability compared to petroleum based product [7][8][9]. The studies regarding natural fiber reinforced composite focused on the interface between matrix and filler, morphologies, mechanical properties and thermal properties [10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. The concern for environmental issues such as ingestion of plastic by animals has sparked the necessity to study about natural fibres to replace synthetic fibres [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The performance of mengkuang leaf fiber reinforced low density polyethylene composites

Halim¹,

Siregar²,

Mathivanan³

et al. 2018

J. MECH. ENG. SCI.

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The performance of mengkuang leaf fiber (MLF) reinforced low density polyethylene (LDPE) composites with different fiber volume and different mesh sizes were studied. The fibre weight percentage used in the research were 10%, 20%, and 30% and for different fiber size were <0.5 mm, 0.5-1 mm, and 1-2 mm. The extrusion and hot compression molding were used to fabricate the specimen testing. The mechanical testing performed were impact and flexural test which follows the ASTM standards D790-10 and Izod D256. It was observed that by increasing the fiber volume and fiber size, the flexural strength and the flexural modulus were increased. However the impact strength shows different results for fiber length and fibre content where the impact strength increases with fibre length but decreases with the increase of fiber content. It can be concluded that the 30% fibre content is the optimum fibre loading for the MLF-LDPE composite with the flexural strength of 12.31 MPa, flexural modulus of 378.88 MPa and impact strength of 589.86 J/m whereby the 1.0-2.0 mm fibre length is the best fibre size for the MLF-LDPE composite with the flexural strength of 12.86 MPa, flexural modulus of 267.76 MPa and impact strength of 1511.57 J/m. In future studies fibres should undergo surface modification to increase the available surface area for reaction to increase the strength of the composite by better mechanical interlocking.

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“…The difference between the two enthalpies decreased with an increase in wax content. These observations indicate that some portion of the H-PW wax partially cocrystallised with HDPE [9]. The trend was less pronounced in HDPE/L-PW blends as can be seen from the data in Table 3, and requires further investigation.…”

Section: Characterization Andtesting Methodsmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…The same trends were found for the HDPE/L-PW blends. This is probably the result of the plasticisation effect of both the H-PW and L-PW on the HDPE matrix and the wax component altering HDPE crystallization behaviour [9].…”

Section: Characterization Andtesting Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mngomezulu et al prepared an SSPCM blend by mixing HDPE, soft Fisher-Tropsch wax (T m =40-60 °C) and alkali-treated wood floor for LHTES. The natural filler enhanced mechanical properties and thermal stability [9]. Quanying prepared SSPCMs based on HDPE with four types of waxes with the melting points, 26.6 °C, 25.5 °C, 24 °C and 20.8°C, respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Shape stabilised phase change materials (SSPCMs): High density polyethylene and hydrocarbon waxes

Basheer

Bai

et al. 2014

AIP Conference Proceedings

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-Shape stabilised phase change materials (SSPCMs) based on high density polyethylene (HDPE) with high (H-PW, T m =56-58 °C) and low (L-PW, T m Keywords: Shape stabilised phase change materials; High density polyethylene; Wax; Energy storage =18-23 °C) melting point waxes were prepared by melt-mixing in a twin-screw extruder and their potential in latent heat thermal energy storage (LHTES) applications for housing assessed. The structure and morphology of these blends were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Both H-PW and L-PW were uniformly distributed throughout the HDPE matrix. The melting point and latent heat of the SSPCMs were determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results demonstrated that both H-PW and L-PW have a plasticisation effect on the HDPE matrix. The tensile and flexural properties of the samples were measured at room temperature (RT, 20±2 °C) and 70 °C, respectively. All mechanical properties of HDPE/H-PW and HDPE/L-PW blends decreased from RT to 70 °C. In all instances at RT, modulus and stress, irrespective of the mode of deformation was greater for the HDPE/H-PW blends. However, at 70 °C, there was no significant difference in mechanical properties between the HDPE/H-PW and HDPE/L-PW blends.

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Review on flammability of biofibres and biocomposites

Cited by 171 publications

References 143 publications

An Overview of Mode of Action and Analytical Methods for Evaluation of Gas Phase Activities of Flame Retardants

An Overview of Mode of Action and Analytical Methods for Evaluation of Gas Phase Activities of Flame Retardants

The performance of mengkuang leaf fiber reinforced low density polyethylene composites

Shape stabilised phase change materials (SSPCMs): High density polyethylene and hydrocarbon waxes

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