Review on Excess Noise Measurements of Resistors

Walter, Daniela; Bülau, André; Zimmermann, André

doi:10.3390/s23031107

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 22 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The driving voltage should be monitored owing to the use of a resistor with high resistance values. A 100 MΩ resistor has been used for short circuit protection, as mentioned in the structure concept subsection, and we verified relatively high thermal noise (28) on the driving voltage even when current is not flowing. When movable comb teeth come into contact with the protrusions, contact resistance might occur, although we did not measure it quantitatively.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 53%

A Novel MEMS Actuator Driven with a Low DC Voltage

Mizuno

2023

Sensors and Materials

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In this paper, we propose a novel MEMS actuator that can achieve a relatively large in-plane displacement of 5 μm or more driven with a low dc voltage of 3.3 to 5.0 V to ensure compatibility with integrated circuits and microcontroller unit (MCU) boards. The drive mechanism is based on a comb-shaped electrostatic microactuator. However, in general, the electrostatic type can achieve only a small amount of displacement in spite of a large driving voltage. On the other hand, by vacuum-sealing a device with such an actuator to reduce air resistance and performing ac driving at the resonant frequency of the device, the driving voltage can be considerably reduced. However, in the case of devices that need to be driven with dc voltages, such as RF switches, 2D optical raster scanners, optical switches, and various sensors, displacement is not amplified even if operating in a vacuum environment. Moreover, it would be strongly desirable to control these devices directly using integrated circuits and MCU boards without any external driver boosters or power supplies. In this paper, we demonstrate that a 6 μm in-plane displacement can be achieved with a dc driving voltage of less than 8.0 V by using a pull-in phenomenon and multiple spring-mass systems based on a comb-shaped electrostatic MEMS actuator.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 53%

A Novel MEMS Actuator Driven with a Low DC Voltage

Mizuno

2023

Sensors and Materials

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…of the DMM influenced the result. Finally, a gain of ~1.5 was added to the output buffer IC3 using a resistor network since they are known to exhibit low noise [39]. We made use of the statistical approach as described in [40].…”

Section: Temperature Coefficientmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The humidity during this measurement was 61.7 ± 0.8 %rH and the ambient pressure was 983.09 ± 0.41 hPa. Finally, a gain of ~1.5 was added to the output buffer IC3 using a TDP1603 resistor network since they are known to exhibit low noise [39]. We made use of the statistical approach as described in [40].…”

Section: Temperature Coefficientmentioning

confidence: 99%

A 10 V Transfer Standard Based on Low-Noise Solid-State Zener Voltage Reference ADR1000

Bülau,

Walter,

Zimmermann

2024

Metrology

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Voltage standards are widely used to transfer volts from Josephson voltage standards (JVSs) at national metrology institutes (NMIs) into calibration labs to maintain the volts and to transfer them to test equipment at production lines. Therefore, commercial voltage standards based on Zener diodes are used. Analog Devices Inc. (San Jose, CA, USA), namely, Eric Modica, introduced the ADR1000KHZ, a successor to the legendary LTZ1000, at the Metrology Meeting 2021. The first production samples were already available prior to this event. In this article, this new temperature-stabilized Zener diode is compared to several others as per datasheet specifications. Motivated by the superior parameters, a 10 V transfer standard prototype for laboratory use with commercial off-the-shelf components such as resistor networks and chopper amplifiers was built. How much effort it takes to reach the given parameters was investigated. This paper describes how the reference was set up to operate it at its zero-temperature coefficient (z.t.c.) temperature and to lower the requirements for the oven stability. Furthermore, it is shown how the overall temperature coefficient (t.c.) of the circuit was reduced. For the buffered Zener voltage, a t.c. of almost zero, and with amplification to 10 V, a t.c. of <0.01 µV/V/K was achieved in a temperature span of 15 to 31 °C. For the buffered Zener voltage, a noise of ~584 nVp-p and for the 10 V output, ~805 nVp-p were obtained. Finally, 850 days of drift data were taken by comparing the transfer standard prototype to two Fluke 7000 voltage standards according to the method described in NBS Technical Note 430. The drift specification was, however, not met.

show abstract