Review on Dynamic Behaviour of Earth Dam and Embankment During an Earthquake

Abstract

The earth dam analysis under the strong seismic load like a destructive earthquake is one of the major topics with respect to the dynamical assessment. Damage control and the structural behaviour during an earthquake is a very important issue for an earthen dam. In this study, a comprehensive review is presented based on literature for dynamic analysis of earth dams. In this context, some significant factors are discussed such as plane stress, plane strain, data monitoring, application of finite-element method or finite-difference method, reinforcement, free vibration analysis, seismic cracks, liquefaction on dams, utilization of shaking table and centrifuge tests based on the small-scale physical modelling in order to validate any numerical analysis. To explain these parameters, case studies are discussed. It is observed that the earth dam structures had the integrated response to increasing the acceleration or displacement at the crest. Consequently, the interaction between the dam and reservoir also the foundation was a very effective factor to establish the nonlinear behaviour. It seems that the reinforced techniques are an essential approach to improve the structural response during an earthquake.

RETRACTED:A Comparative Study between Pseudo-static and Dynamic Analyses of Keddara dam

“…The displacement increases with the distance from the base of the dam body with an approximative stabilization in the middle and the top of the dam. Figure 14 shows the maximum vertical displacement under the earthquake, which correspond to a very slight increase at the top of the dam, but remains insignificant [5,19,20] . It is worth noting that the permanent static vertical displacement is not considered in dynamic response.…”

“…As a result, the stability of dam embankments, whether static or dynamic, remains a major concern for geotechnical engineers. Dam security is related to the strength of the dam body and foundation, permanent deformation generating cracks, slope stability, excess pore water pressure in embankments, and foundation materials [5] . According to a literature assessment, the most common causes of earth dam collapses are overtopping and internal erosion [6] .…”

Quantifying Multi-Parameter Dynamic Resilience for Complex Reservoir Systems Using Failure Simulations: Case Study of the Pirot Reservoir System

“…Future research can be oriented in two directions. First, to reduce the uncertainty related to functionalities of the critical system elements within the proposed concept, the results from the numerical dam safety model needs to be incorporated within the concept for dynamic resilience quantification [36] Such a numerical model is capable of providing more realistic behaviour of the dam under earthquakes; for instance, leaking from the reservoir and failure of the spillway gates may be determined on a physical basis rather than using a heuristic approach presented in this study. Second, the extraction of interpretable knowledge from a large amount of data gathered through the system dynamic model simulations under a number of generated failure scenarios can provide a solid basis for improvements in the dynamic resilience assessment.…”

Slope Stability Classification under Seismic Conditions Using Several Tree-Based Intelligent Techniques

“…The analysis of slope stability mainly involves the calculation of the factor of safety (FOS), which is defined as the ratio between shear strength and the acting shear stress. The key parameters that define the geometry of the slope (i.e., height and slope inclination) and the material properties (i.e., angle of internal friction, cohesion, and pore water pressure) influence the evaluation of stability of slopes [1][2][3]. Many sources of uncertainties, such as soil properties and loading, contribute to the stability of a slope [4][5][6].…”