Review on Computational Electromagnetics

Abstract

Co mputational electro magnetics (CEM) is applied to model the interaction of electro magnetic fields with the objects like antenna, waveguides, aircraft and their environment using Maxwell equations. In this paper the strength and weakness of various computational electromagnetic techniques are deliberated in detail. Performance of various techniques in terms accuracy, memory and co mputation time for application specific tasks such as modeling RCS (Radar Cross Section), space Applications, thin wires and antenna arrays are presented in this paper. Co mmercial software codes has certain limitations, Agilent ADS could not model 3D structures, HFSS is accurate but execution time is h igh, WIPL-D ® does not support modeling Inhomogeneous dielectrics embedded metal objects and periodic structures. IE3D ® is not suited for geometry with fin ite details. However for regular shapes like rectangular patch MOM based IE3D provides accurate results than FEM based IE3D. The co mp licated structures are dealt with accuracy by using CST Microwave Studio ® and HFSS ® . Although CST and HFSS has similar interface in dealing with geo metry with fine details, CST had edge over HFSS software as it starts in time do main and ends in frequency domain. HFSS uses Finite Element Method (FEM ) to arrive at frequency domain solution. FEKO ® has two main solvers MOM based and GTD based. GTD based FEKO is good in handling large structures like reflector antennas.

Cubesat Antenna Analysis and Design: Are you using the right computational electromagnetic tool?

“…MOM-PO, FDTD-PO, FEM-FDTD, and FEM/MOM are examples of hybridization techniques commonly used in antenna simulation and analysis. Theses technics have been addressed in a recent review of literature on CEM methods [27]. Throughout discussion of hybrid techniques capabilities and limitations is out of the scope of this paper.…”

“…For this type of problems MLFMM yields accurate results. If the reflector is extremely large, MOM/PO is then recommended [27]. Another solution to consider is 'model decomposition'; the feed of the reflector is simulated separately, preferably using MOM method, and the outputs are used to represent it as an equivalent excitation source of the reflector.…”

Application of Wigner Distribution Function for THz Propagation Analysis

“…Numerical electrodynamic methods are based on a finite-difference time-domain approach to Maxwell’s equations, in integral or differential form. Computational electromagnetics (CEM) is applied to model the interaction of electromagnetic fields using Maxwell equations with the deferent objects like an antenna, waveguide, aircraft, and their environment [ 13 ].…”

A review on the design and optimization of antennas using machine learning algorithms and techniques

“…Known for their complex shapes, antennas typically do not have closed‐form solutions. Computational Electromagnetics (CEM) 1‐3 are applied to model the interaction of electromagnetic fields with antennas using Maxwell's equations. Approximate solutions are usually used to gain physical insight into the design of the antenna.…”