Review of Thermodynamic Diesel Engine Simulations under Transient Operating Conditions

Abstract

Study and modeling of transient operation is an important scientific objective. This is due to the fact that the majority of daily vehicle driving conditions involve transient operation, with non-linear situations experienced during engine transients. Thus, proper interconnection is needed between engine, governor, fuel pump, turbocharger and load. This paper surveys the publications available in the open literature concerning diesel engine simulations under transient operating conditions. Only those models that include both full engine thermodynamic calculations and dynamic powertrain modeling are taken into account, excluding those that focus on control design and optimization. Most of the attention is concentrated to the simulations that follow the filling and emptying modeling approach. A historical overview is given covering, in more detail, research groups with continuous and consistent study of transient operation. One of the main purposes of this paper is to summarize basic equations and modeling aspects concerning in-cylinder calculations, friction, turbocharger, engine dynamics, governor, fuel pump operation, and exhaust emissions during transients. The various limitations of the models are discussed together with the main aspects of transient operation (e.g. turbocharger lag, combustion and friction deterioration), which diversify it from the steady-state. Some of the most important findings in the field during the last 30 years are presented and discussed. The survey extends to special cases of transient diesel engine simulation, such as second-law analysis, response when the turbocharger compressor experiences surge, and whole vehicle performance. Several methods of improving transient response are also mentioned, based on the various simulations. An easy-to-read tabulation of all research groups dealing with the subject, that includes details about each model developed and engines/parameters studied, is also provided at the end of the paper.

Techno-economic investigation of alternative propulsion plants for Ferries and RoRo ships

“…For analysing the engine steady state performance as well as transient response, various modelling techniques have been used; these include mean value engine models [30], zero/one dimensional simulation tools [31][32] or a combination of the two techniques [33]. However, the present study is focused on the steady state operation of the described previously ferry propulsion system and the required steady state engine performance parameters for the selected main and auxiliary engines were taken from the respective engine manufacturers project guides.…”

Evaluation of Various Dynamic Issues During Transient Operation of Turbocharged Diesel Engine with Special Reference to Friction Development

“…Moreover, during transient operation, it is believed that friction is characterized by non steady-state behavior, differentiating engine response and performance when compared to the corresponding steady-state values, i.e. at the same engine speed and fueling conditions [7]. For example, Winterbone and Tennant [12] assumed that friction torque should be generally overestimated by some percentage during the transient event to account for the peculiarities of transient operation.…”

“…This, in conjunction with the fact that load transients constitute a highly adverse engine operating condition that can lead to early material failure [7], urged the present research group to consider the following two aspects of dynamic operation in their transient investigations:…”

“…For example, Winterbone and Tennant [12] assumed that friction torque should be generally overestimated by some percentage during the transient event to account for the peculiarities of transient operation. Rakopoulos and Giakoumis [7] investigated this aspect increasing the transient friction torque by a factor proportional to the instantaneous crankshaft deceleration.…”

“…During the last three decades, diesel engine simulation and experimental investigation have paved the way for an in-depth study of transient operation [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. However, the majority of research has focused so far on issues concerning thermodynamic modeling because of their direct impact on heat release prediction and consequently performance and pollutants emissions.…”