Review of the state-of-the-art of particulate matter emissions from modern gasoline fueled engines

Qian, Yong; Li, Zilong; Yu, Liang; Wang, Xiaole; Lü, Xingcai

doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.01.179

Cited by 130 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 189 publications

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“…Book 2009 [13] -Y Y (Y) -Book 2010 [14] -Y Y (Y) -Book 2019 [15] Y Y Y Y Y Book 2019 [16] Y Y Y Y Y Paper 1999 [17] -Y ---Paper 2007 [5] -Y ---Paper 2014 [18] Y ---Y Paper 2014 [19] -Y -Y Y Paper 2015 [20] ---Y Y Paper 2015 [21] Y Y Y Y Y Paper 2017 [22] -Y Y Y Y Paper 2018 [23] -Y Y Y Y Paper 2018 [24] -Y Y -Y Paper 2018 [25] -Y Y Y Y Paper 2019 [26] -Y -Y Y Paper 2019 [27] -Y Y -Y Annual reviews [28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35] -Y Y Y Y PM = Particulate Matter; SPN = Solid Particle Number.…”

Section: Review Health Engine Fuel Aftertreatment Pm/spnmentioning

confidence: 99%

European Regulatory Framework and Particulate Matter Emissions of Gasoline Light-Duty Vehicles: A Review

et al. 2019

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The particulate matter (PM) emissions of gasoline vehicles were much lower than those of diesel vehicles until the introduction of diesel particulate filters (DPFs) in the early 2000s. At the same time, gasoline direct injection (GDI) engines started to become popular in the market due to their improved efficiency over port fuel injection (PFI) ones. However, the PM mass and number emissions of GDI vehicles were higher than their PFI counterparts and diesel ones equipped with DPFs. Stringent PM mass levels and the introduction of particle number limits for GDI vehicles in the European Union (EU) resulted in significant PM reductions. The EU requirement to fulfill the proposed limits on the road resulted to the introduction of gasoline particulate filters (GPFs) in EU GDI models. This review summarizes the evolution of PM mass emissions from gasoline vehicles placed in the market from early 1990s until 2019 in different parts of the world. The analysis then extends to total and nonvolatile particle number emissions. Care is given to reveal the impact of ambient temperature on emission levels. The discussion tries to provide scientific input to the following policy-relevant questions. Whether particle number limits should be extended to gasoline PFI vehicles, whether the lower limit of 23 nm for particle number measurements should be decreased to 10 nm, and whether low ambient temperature tests for PM should be included.

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Section: Review Health Engine Fuel Aftertreatment Pm/spnmentioning

confidence: 99%

European Regulatory Framework and Particulate Matter Emissions of Gasoline Light-Duty Vehicles: A Review

et al. 2019

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“…In gasoline engines, however, laws and protocols have not been set up for PM emission. Due to its adverse effect on the human respiratory system, the attention to enact regulations of PM emission in gasoline engines has raised recently [123][124][125][126][127][128]. Generally, the use of butanol has successfully decreased the Particle Number (PN) emissions in SI engine.…”

Section: Particulate Matter (Pm) Emissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improved Performance, Combustion and Emissions of SI Engine Fuelled with Butanol: A Review

Veza¹,

Said²,

Latiff³

2020

IJAME

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Several studies on ethanol as a biofuel have been comprehensively carried out. Today, a growing interest in longer chain alcohols has emerged due to their favourable physical and thermodynamic properties. Butanol or butyl alcohol with 4-carbon structure (C4H9OH) is a more promising biofuel as it outweighs methanol and ethanol in several ways. The production cost of butanol has been gradually reduced, and rapid progress in the development of its production technology has allowed butanol to be produced more effectively. However, studies on the effect of butanol on gasoline or spark ignition (SI) engines are not as comprehensive as the abundant research of ethanol. This paper highlights recent novelty and contribution of butanol addition in SI engine. Results of new approaches on the engine’s performance, combustion and emission characteristics are summarised. Reviews from this paper suggest that there are some gaps in the addition of butanol found in the literature. Thus, several encounters and forthcoming research directions are outlined in the final section of this review article, highlighting several possible contributions that have not yet been carried out using butanol as a biofuel in a gasoline engine.

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“…Particulate matter (PM) is an aerosol pollutanti.e., solid or liquid particles suspended in the air (Gawronski et al 2017)that can be formed by many different chemicals attaching to the surface of the particle including sulfur and calcium (Qian et al 2019;Yang et al 2019); metals such as copper, iron, chromium, aluminum, and manganese, among others (Leonard et al 2016;Maher et al 2013); or organic compounds like polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (Gong et al 2019).…”

Section: Particulate Mattermentioning

confidence: 99%

Plants, Ambient Air Quality, and Human Health

Bermúdez

2020

Encyclopedia of the UN Sustainable Development Goals

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Review of the state-of-the-art of particulate matter emissions from modern gasoline fueled engines

Cited by 130 publications

References 189 publications

European Regulatory Framework and Particulate Matter Emissions of Gasoline Light-Duty Vehicles: A Review

European Regulatory Framework and Particulate Matter Emissions of Gasoline Light-Duty Vehicles: A Review

Improved Performance, Combustion and Emissions of SI Engine Fuelled with Butanol: A Review

Plants, Ambient Air Quality, and Human Health

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