Review of the Safety and Efficacy of Moringa oleifera

Abstract

Moringa oleifera leaves, seeds, bark, roots, sap, and flowers are widely used in traditional medicine, and the leaves and immature seed pods are used as food products in human nutrition. Leaf extracts exhibit the greatest antioxidant activity, and various safety studies in animals involving aqueous leaf extracts indicate a high degree of safety. No adverse effects were reported in association with human studies. Five human studies using powdered whole leaf preparations of M. oleifera have been published, which have demonstrated anti-hyperglycemic (antidiabetic) and anti-dyslipidemic activities. These activities have been confirmed using extracts as well as leaf powders in animal studies. A rapidly growing number of published studies have shown that aqueous, hydroalcohol, or alcohol extracts of M. oleifera leaves possess a wide range of additional biological activities including antioxidant, tissue protective (liver, kidneys, heart, testes, and lungs), analgesic, antiulcer, antihypertensive, radioprotective, and immunomodulatory actions. A wide variety of polyphenols and phenolic acids as well as flavonoids, glucosinolates, and possibly alkaloids is believed to be responsible for the observed effects. Standardization of products is an issue. However, the results of published studies to date involving M. oleifera are very promising. Additional human studies using standardized extracts are highly desirable.

Evaluation of bioactive compounds and antioxidant potential of hydroethanolic extract of Moringa oleifera Lam. from Rajasthan, India

“…In Rajasthan (a semi-arid region of India), parts of this plant form a common ingredient of many dishes cooked in a household kitchen (Bhargave et al 2015). Studies on humans and animals have revealed that the M. oleifera is quite safe for consumption (Stohs and Hartman 2015).…”

Phytochemical Constituents, Biological Activities, Therapeutic Potentials and Nutritional Values of <i>Moringa oleifera</i> (Zogale): A Review

“…The therapeutic potential and medicinal properties of M. oleifera are extensively reviewed [50,51]. Stohs and Hartman [52] described the physiological and pharmacological activities of the leaves, seeds, bark, roots, sap, and flowers of M. oleifera.…”

A review of natural remedies commonly used by Ethiopian immigrants in the USA

“…However, toxicity studies on the seed and root extracts were inconclusive. In general, based on human, animal and in vitro studies, it appears that various extracts of M. oleifera are safe when used at nutritional and normal doses equivalent to 4.6 to 8 gm of the leaf powder daily (37).…”