Review of the Federal Emergency Management Agency’s Community Rating System Program

Sadiq, Abdul‐Akeem; Tyler, Jenna; Noonan, Douglas S.; Norton, Richard K.; Cunniff, Shannon; Czajkowski, Jeffrey

doi:10.1061/(asce)nh.1527-6996.0000320

Cited by 17 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…We included participation in FEMA's CRS program as an example of resource-related attribute because studies have consistently shown that communities with more resources are significantly more likely to participate in the program (Tyler et al 2020). Part of the benefit of participation in the CRS is access to resources (for example, expertise from FEMA and CRS User Groups) (Posey 2009;Sadiq and Noonan 2015;Sadiq et al 2020).…”

Section: Applying the Protective Action Decision Model (Padm)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…First, the study used quantitative and qualitative data to describe floodplain managers' perceptions of their community's flood management decision making. The inclusion of qualitative data responds to calls for more qualitative research on community flood risk management (Sadiq et al 2020). Second, the study employed the Protective Action Decision Model (PADM) to identify the factors that impact floodplain managers' perceptions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Decision Making for Managing Community Flood Risks: Perspectives of United States Floodplain Managers

Tyler

Sadiq

Noonan

et al. 2021

Int J Disaster Risk Sci

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To reduce flood losses, floodplain managers make decisions on how to effectively manage their community’s flood risks. While there is a growing body of research that examines how individuals and households make decisions to manage their flood risks, far less attention has been directed at understanding the decision-making processes for flood management at the community level. This study aimed to narrow this research gap by examining floodplain managers’ perceptions of the quality of their community’s flood management decision-making processes. Data gathered from interviews with 200 floodplain managers in the United States indicate that most floodplain managers perceive their community’s flood management decision-making processes to be good. The results also indicate that communities participating in the Federal Emergency Management Agency’s Community Rating System, as well as communities with a higher level of concern for flooding and a lower poverty rate, are significantly more likely to report better flood management decision-making processes.

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Section: Applying the Protective Action Decision Model (Padm)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decision Making for Managing Community Flood Risks: Perspectives of United States Floodplain Managers

Tyler

Sadiq

Noonan

et al. 2021

Int J Disaster Risk Sci

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“…On the other hand, the CRS, a voluntary program established by FEMA in 1990, provides incentives for communities that are inside the 100‐year FEMA floodplain to adopt flood mitigation strategies and to benefit from reduced premium rates (FEMA, 2017b). The comprehensive assessment conducted by Sadiq et al (2020) provides a state‐of‐the‐art review of the effectiveness of the CRS and other policies adopted by FEMA to control flooding consequences in the United States.…”

Section: Urbanization Impact On Future Flood Risk and Community Resilmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Urban Growth in Resilience of Communities Under Flood Risk

2020

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Flood risk to urban communities is increasing significantly as a result of the integrated effects of climate change and socioeconomic development. The latter effect is one of the main drivers of rising flood risk has received less attention in comparison to climate change. Economic development and population growth are major causes of urban expansion in flood‐prone areas, and a comprehensive understanding of the impact of urban growth on flood risk is an essential ingredient of effective flood risk management. At the same time, planning for community resilience has become a national and worldwide imperative in recent years. Enhancements to community resilience require well‐integrated and enormous long‐term public and private investments. Accordingly, comprehensive urban growth plans should take rising flood risk into account to ensure future resilient communities through careful collaboration between engineers, geologists, socialists, economists, and urban planners within the framework of life‐cycle analysis. This paper highlights the importance of including urban growth in accurate future flood risk assessment and how planning for future urbanization should include measurement science‐based strategies in developing policies to achieve more resilient communities.

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“…Finally, in a review of 44 studies focused on the CRS, Sadiq et al (2019) found 11 provide evidence of the factors enhancing and inhibiting CRS participation. Overall, results from the 11 studies find higher flood risks, population sizes, incomes, owner occupied housing, educational attainment levels and proportions of senior citizens drive CRS participation.…”

Section: Review Of Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Building code effectiveness grading schedule participation analysis

Simmons

Czajkowski²,

Kovacs³

2020

IJDRBE

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Purpose A seemingly obvious solution to improve resilience of built structures facing natural hazards is enhanced structural integrity. One program designed to achieve this is the building code effectiveness grading schedule (BCEGS) which rates communities on the strength and enforcement of local building codes. However, little is known on how well this program has fared in terms of community participation. The purpose of this study is to use the BCEGS program in Florida (a hurricane at-risk state) to provide tangible evidence of whether participatory achievement occurred and identify characteristics that predict high performance in the program. Design/methodology/approach Data is used from the Insurance Services Office, a division of Verisk Analytics to compare characteristics of communities with high levels of participation to communities with lower levels of participation. This is done using descriptive statistics and regression models. Findings Communities more likely to have high BCEGS ratings are more urban, have higher wealth and a younger, more educated population. Discussed also is the role risk exposure and public policy play in both maintaining higher ratings and overall improvement in BCEGS ratings across time. Practical implications Identifying what motivates communities to enhance their construction standards is a useful tool in attracting interest to enhance resilience. The results show that resilience can be improved by public policy initiatives and knowledge by communities of their risk profile. Originality/value BCEGS data is proprietary, so no study of this type has been conducted on what motivates communities to adopt higher standards in the strength and enforcement of local building codes.

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Review of the Federal Emergency Management Agency’s Community Rating System Program

Cited by 17 publications

References 35 publications

Decision Making for Managing Community Flood Risks: Perspectives of United States Floodplain Managers

Decision Making for Managing Community Flood Risks: Perspectives of United States Floodplain Managers

The Role of Urban Growth in Resilience of Communities Under Flood Risk

Building code effectiveness grading schedule participation analysis

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