Review of the effects of polycystic ovary syndrome on Cognition: Looking beyond the androgen hypothesis

Perovic, Mateja; Wugalter, Katrina; Einstein, Gillian

doi:10.1016/j.yfrne.2022.101038

Cited by 6 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 86 publications

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“…Alpha 1 antitrypsin (A1AT) is a serum proteinase inhibitor, especially for neutrophil elastase. While women with PCOS have shown worse cognitive performance compared with non-PCOS women across domains of memory, executive function, and brain structure [ 11 ], the association between HDL- and AD-related proteins in PCOS has not been explored before.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

HDL-Associated Proteins in Subjects with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Proteomic Study

Butler

Moin

Reiner

et al. 2023

Cells

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Introduction. Serum lipoproteins, with the exception of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), are increased in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and their levels may reflect the associated obesity and insulin resistance, but the nature of this association is not fully explained. Therefore, proteomic analysis of key proteins in lipoprotein metabolism was performed. Methods. In this cohort study, plasma was collected from 234 women (137 with PCOS and 97 controls without PCOS). Somalogic proteomic analysis was undertaken for the following 19 proteins involved in lipoprotein, and particularly HDL, metabolism: alpha-1-antichymotrypsin; alpha-1-antitrypsin; apolipoproteins A-1, B, D, E, E2, E3, E4, L1, and M; clusterin; complement C3; hemopexin; heparin cofactor II; kininogen-1; serum amyloid A-1; amyloid beta A-4; and paraoxonase-1. Results. The levels of apolipoprotein E were higher in PCOS (p = 0.012). However, the other isoforms of ApoE, ApoE2, E3, and E4, did not differ when compared with controls. ApoM was lower in PCOS (p = 0.000002). Complement C3 was higher in PCOS (p = 0.037), as was heparin cofactor II (HCFII) (p = 0.0004). The levels of the other proteins associated with lipoprotein metabolism did not differ between PCOS and controls. Conclusions. These data contribute to the concern of the deleterious dyslipidemia found in PCOS, with the novel combination reported here of higher levels of ApoE, C3 and HCFII together with lower ApoM. The dysregulation of these proteins could circumvent the protective effect of HDL-C and contribute to a more atherogenic profile that may increase cardiovascular risk.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

HDL-Associated Proteins in Subjects with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Proteomic Study

Butler

Moin

Reiner

et al. 2023

Cells

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Effects of early life overnutrition and hyperandrogenism on spatial learning and memory in a rat model of polycystic ovary syndrome

Ignjatović

Mićić

Tomić

et al. 2023

Hormones and Behavior

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Pterostilbene Ameliorates Cognitive Impairment in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Rat Model through Improving Insulin Resistance via the IRS-1/PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β Pathway: A Comparative Study with Metformin

Foda,

Ibrahim,

Ibrahim

et al. 2024

ACS Chem. Neurosci.

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Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an intricate endocrine disorder that targets millions of women globally. Recent research has drawn attention to its association with cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) risk, yet the exact mechanism remains elusive. This study aimed to explore the potential role of PCOS-associated insulin resistance (IR) and inflammation in linking PCOS to AD pathogenesis. It additionally investigated the therapeutic merits of pterostilbene (PTS) in ameliorating PCOS and associated cognitive deficits in comparison to metformin (MET). Rats were divided into five groups; vehicle group, PTS group [30 mg/kg, per os (p.o.) for 13 days], and the remaining three groups received letrozole (1 mg/kg, p.o. for 21 days) to represent the PCOS, PCOS + MET (300 mg/kg, p.o. for 13 days), and PCOS + PTS groups, respectively. Behavioral tests were conducted, along with a histopathological investigation of brains and ovaries. Assessment of serum hormonal profile and hippocampal IRS-1/PI3K/AKT/GSK-3β insulin signaling pathway components were performed. PTS rats exhibited improved insulin sensitivity and hormonal profile, besides enhanced neurobehavioral tests performance and histopathological findings. These effects may be attributed to modulation of the IRS-1/PI3K/AKT/GSK-3β pathway, reducing GSK-3β activity, and mitigating Tau hyperphosphorylation and Aβ accumulation in the brain. Likewise, PTS attenuated nuclear factor kappa B-mediated inflammation and reversed AChE elevation, suggesting multifaceted neuroprotective effects. Comparatively, PTS showed outcomes similar to those of MET in most parameters. The obtained findings validated that dysregulated insulin signaling in PCOS rats detrimentally affects cognitive function, which is halted by PTS, unveiling the potential of PTS as a novel therapy for PCOS and related cognitive deficits.

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Review of the effects of polycystic ovary syndrome on Cognition: Looking beyond the androgen hypothesis

Cited by 6 publications

References 86 publications

HDL-Associated Proteins in Subjects with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Proteomic Study

HDL-Associated Proteins in Subjects with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Proteomic Study

Effects of early life overnutrition and hyperandrogenism on spatial learning and memory in a rat model of polycystic ovary syndrome

Pterostilbene Ameliorates Cognitive Impairment in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Rat Model through Improving Insulin Resistance via the IRS-1/PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β Pathway: A Comparative Study with Metformin

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