Review of Procedures Involving Separation and Preconcentration for the Determination of Cadmium Using Spectrometric Techniques

Abstract

Techniques -(FERREIRA, S. L. C.; DE ANDRADE, J. B.; KORN, M. D. G. A.; PEREIRA, M. D. G.; LEMOS, V. A.; DOS SANTOS, W. N. L.; RODRIGUES, F. D. M.; SOUZA, A. S.; FERREIRA, H. S.; DA SILVA, E. G. P.; J. Hazard. Mater. 145 (2007) 3, 358-367; Inst. Chem., Univ. Fed.

Nutrients intake as determinants of blood lead and cadmium levels in Colombian pregnant women

“…The parameters were as follows: wavelength 217.0 nm, lamp current 75%, injection temperature 30°C. For Cd analyses (Ferreira et al, ) the samples received the same procedure of Pb and were then directly injected into the graphite tube. The wavelength used was 228.3 nm, while all other parameters were the same as for Pb.…”

Speciation analysis of chromium in water samples through sequential combination of dispersive magnetic solid phase extraction using mesoporous amino-functionalized Fe3O4/SiO2 nanoparticles and cloud point extraction

“…Even for those highly sensitive techniques, such as graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GF AAS) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), the redox speciation is only possible by implementing a prior sample preconcentration/extraction method for a reliable analysis. Additionally, prior sample treatment based on preconcentration/extraction is also an outstanding tool for removing some interference present in the samples [6].…”

Selective determination of total vanadium in water samples by cloud point extraction of its ternary complex

“…The separation and preconcentration of metal ions, after formation of their sparingly soluble aqueous complexes based on cloud point extraction (CPE) have been largely employed in analytical chemistry [21]. The cloud point procedure offers convenience and simplicity when compared with LLE modality, including higher extraction and preconcentration factors, lower cost and lower toxicity for both the analyst and the environment.…”

“…The cloud point procedure offers convenience and simplicity when compared with LLE modality, including higher extraction and preconcentration factors, lower cost and lower toxicity for both the analyst and the environment. The procedure is based on exploiting the properties of non-ionic or amphoteric surfactants at levels above their critical micellar concentrations (CMC) [21]. Above CMC, a system originally composed of a unique phase is separated into two isotropic phases if some condition such as temperature or pressure is changed or if an appropriate substance is added to the solution [22].…”