Review of pollutants in petroleum refinery wastewaters and effect upon aquatic organisms

Burks, S.L.

doi:10.1016/0160-4120(82)90117-9

Cited by 15 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…There was an increasing concern in the 1980's regarding the carcinogenic or mutagenic potential of specific compounds and groups of compounds, even when present in low (trace) concentrations (Dold, 1989). This led to the compilation of priority pollutant lists, and the identification of specific chemical components in effluents from petroleum refineries (API, 1978;Burks, 1982;PACE, 1985;PACE, 1987;Gulyas, 1995). These chemical-specific monitoring programs were initially used to regulate toxicity, but they have several shortcomings.…”

Section: Environmental Regulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since it is not economically feasible to determine the specific toxicity of each of the thousands of potentially toxic compounds in complex effluents, whole-effluent toxicity testing using bioassays is a direct, cost effective means of determining effluent toxicity (Metcalf and Eddy, 1991). Burks (1982) conducted a literature review of pollutants identified in petroleum refinery wastewaters. Citing Dorris etal.…”

Section: Environmental Regulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Removal of Oxygen Demand and Acute Toxicity during Batch Biological Treatment of a Petroleum Refinery Effluent

Sarathy

Hoy

Duff

2002

Water Quality Research Journal

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This study was undertaken in order to investigate the removal of oxygen demand and acute toxicity from a petroleum refinery effluent. The results of this study provide a better understanding of the biodegradation process occurring at the Chevron refinery wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in Burnaby, BC. The WWTP consists of a deep shaft bioreactor followed by a dissolved air flotation clarifier and effluent polishing biofilters. The treatment plant is able to degrade approximately 75% of the COD and 95% of the BOD present in the wastewater. During the study period, the toxicity of the wastewater before and after treatment was 1.9±0.12 (%v/v) and 25.4±5.9 (%v/v), respectively (as measured by the 5 minute Microtox™ assay in EC50 units).The experimental program utilized two batch bioreactors operated at 35°C to characterize the removal of organic compounds (as measured by BOD and COD), and to deterrnine the capacity of the biomass for acute toxicity removal. A six-litre batch bioreactor was operated for 52.5 hours (Run 1), and a 15 L batch bioreactor was operated for 120 hours (Run 2). In order to assess the abiotic rate of volatilization, a stripping test was also performed using the six-litre batch reactor.In both runs, the BOD and COD reduction occurred over the first 24 hours of treatment. The BOD removal was 92-96%, and the COD removal was 73-75%. These values are similar to the removal levels reported at the Chevron refinery WWTP. Stripping accounted for 3% of the COD removal over 52.5 hours. Since stripping was insignificant, the compounds contributing to BOD and COD were most likely removed via biodegradation.Both runs showed similar patterns of toxicity removal. Rather than being continuously removed, as in the case of BOD and COD, toxicity appeared to be removed in discrete stages. The first stage of toxicity removal corresponded to the degradation of BOD and COD, and the second stage occurred after BOD and COD had been removed. The raw wastewater in Runs 1 and 2 had a 5-minute EC50 of 4.6+0.5% and 4.9±0.4%, respectively. In Run 1, the toxicity was reduced to a 5-rninute EC50 of 7.9±0.7% in 10 hours, and further removal did not occur until after 28 hours. In Run 2, a 5-minute EC50 of 16±3.2% was achieved over the first 10 hours, and the toxicity remained at this level until 48 hours. A second significant toxicity removal step between 48 and 72 hours resulted in a final 5-minute EC50 of 27.8±1.6%.ii Process ChemicalsCaustic soda, sulphuric and phosphoric acid,

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Section: Environmental Regulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Environmental Regulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Removal of Oxygen Demand and Acute Toxicity during Batch Biological Treatment of a Petroleum Refinery Effluent

Sarathy

Hoy

Duff

2002

Water Quality Research Journal

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“…This industry discharges large volumes of wastewaters containing significant amounts of toxic substances and compounds, which need to be removed at the refinery (Avci et al, 2005). Burks (1982) stated that chemicals in oil refinery wastewaters which cause acute short-term toxicity can be removed by good biological treatment systems. However, while some refinery treatment plants can eliminate the problem of acute toxicity, the contaminant levels still remain high enough to cause chronic toxicity (Dorris et al, 1972).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicity identification and evaluation of a refinery wastewater from Brazil (Phase I)

Daflon

Reynier²,

Botta

et al. 2024

Ecotoxicol. Environ. Contam.

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Petroleum refineries generate a large amount of effluents, which if released without appropriate treatment can cause chronic effects to organisms. Most studies show that many contaminants can be responsible for the toxicity, among them ammonia, sulfide, cyanide, phenol and hydrocarbons. The present study evaluated the cause of the chronic toxicity of a refinery wastewater from Brazil using the organism Ceriodaphnia dubia in short-term test. The results suggest that metals such as barium, manganese and strontium can be contributing for the toxicity of the wastewater. Besides this, conductivity could be contributing to the toxicity too, since the level is high for the test organism evaluated.

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“…Prior to extraction of the growth metabolites, the biomass of the cultures were carefully and aseptically harvested and oven dried at 80 0 C. The metabolites in the filtrate were obtained by means of the Liquid-Liquid extraction technique with benzene as the extraction solvent (Burks 1982). The solvent was recovered by distillation and the extract dried by evaporation in a draft oven at 40 0 C. The extract powders contained in 50ml clean glass bottles were stored in the refrigerator until used.…”

Section: Extraction Of Growth Metabolitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insecticidal Potential of an Orally Administered Metabolic Extract of <i>Aspergillus niger</i> on <i>Chrysomya chloropyga</i> (Green bottle fly) Larvae

Essien

2005

Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management

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ABSTRACT:The insecticidal activity of Aspergillus niger IHCS-4 metabolic extract against Chrysomya chloropyga larvae was examined in vitro. The toxicity test revealed that 0.04 mg/g and 0.08 mg/g extract concentration significantly (P>0.05) affected the insect larvae, inducing 20% and 65% mortality respectively, within 24 hours. Larval growth was inhibited only at concentrations of 0.04mg/g or higher. Survivors of the toxicity treatment at 0.04mg/g and 0.08mg/g recorded significant reductions in weight over time. These observations have indicated the potential of A. niger as a simple, inexpensive and accessible source of bioinsecticide @JASEM.

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Review of pollutants in petroleum refinery wastewaters and effect upon aquatic organisms

Cited by 15 publications

References 40 publications

Removal of Oxygen Demand and Acute Toxicity during Batch Biological Treatment of a Petroleum Refinery Effluent

Removal of Oxygen Demand and Acute Toxicity during Batch Biological Treatment of a Petroleum Refinery Effluent

Toxicity identification and evaluation of a refinery wastewater from Brazil (Phase I)

Insecticidal Potential of an Orally Administered Metabolic Extract of <i>Aspergillus niger</i> on <i>Chrysomya chloropyga</i> (Green bottle fly) Larvae

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