Review of Literature on Measurements of Non-invasive Break Up Times, Lipid Morphology and Tear Meniscal Height Using Commercially Available Hand-held Instruments

Tong, Louis; Teng, Lim Shee

doi:10.1080/02713683.2018.1437454

Cited by 16 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Likewise, most studies included in this systematic review diagnosed DED on the basis of tear break-up time, corneal fluorescein staining score and subjective self-reported symptoms. Due to the inherently large inter-and intra-observer differences associated with such assays, an objective measurement scale is needed [45,46]. Furthermore, most studies only evaluated the aqueous secretion and ignored the effects on the lipid and mucus components of tears.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The applications of androgen in the treatment of dry eye disease: a systematic review of clinical studies

Wang

Deng

2020

Endocr J

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Androgen regulates the function of lacrimal and meibomian glands, and its deficiency is a pathological factor underlying dry eye disease (DED). However, no androgen has been approved for treating DED due to lack of definite evidence regarding its efficacy and safety in clinics. In this systematic review, we have summarized the clinical studies on the safety and efficacy of androgen replacement therapy (ART) for DED. Medline (via Pubmed), Embase, Clinicaltrials.gov, Wanfang and Chinese Clinical Trials Registry Database were searched for the relevant prospective studies, and 7 studies wherein androgen was applied topically via eye drops or systemically via oral or transdermal administration were included. The quality of these studies was assessed with the Cochrane Collaboration's tool for assessing risk of bias and methodological index for non-randomized studies. Most studies showed that androgen effectively improved dry eye-related symptoms and increased tear secretion. Furthermore, elderly men and peri-menopausal women with lower levels of circulating androgens responded better to ART. However, one study involving patients with Sjögren's syndrome showed no improvement in the ART group compared to the placebo control, or to the baseline level. Adverse effects were also common but limited to mild skin problems. In conclusion, androgen is a potential treatment for dry eye disease, especially for people with primary androgen deficiency. Short-term application is relatively safe.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The applications of androgen in the treatment of dry eye disease: a systematic review of clinical studies

Wang

Deng

2020

Endocr J

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“…The slope was -0.08 to 0.11 indicating no bias in the difference between instruments with the magnitude of the NIBUT. Repeated measurements from the two sessions were not significantly Despite the considerable number of papers published on the Tearscope and Tearscope Plus, these instruments are no longer in production [17]. However, the new Polaris and Easytear are two instruments that are very similarly constructed.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Agreement and repeatability of four different devices to measure non-invasive tear breakup time (NIBUT)

Bandlitz¹,

Peter²,

Pflugi³

et al. 2019

Contact Lens and Anterior Eye

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Purpose: Since tear film stability can be affected by fluorescein, the International Dry Eye Workshop (DEWSII) recommended non-invasive measurement of tear breakup time (NIBUT). The aim of this study was to investigate the agreement and repeatability of four different instruments in the measurement of NIBUT.Methods: 72 participants (mean 24.2 ± 3.6 years) were recruited for this multi-centre, cross-sectional study. NIBUT was measured three times from one eye using each of the instruments in randomized order on two separate sessions during a day, separated by at least 2 hours. NIBUT was performed at three sites (Switzerland, Germany and UK) using the Tearscope Plus (Keeler, Windsor, UK) (TS), Polaris (bon Optic, Lübeck, Germany) (POL), EasyTear Viewplus (Easytear, Rovereto, Italy) (ET) and Keratograph 5M (Oculus Optikgeräte GmbH, Wetzlar, Germany) (KER). As the latter instrument only analyses for 24s, all data was capped at this value.Results: NIBUT measurements between the four instruments were not statistically

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“…NIBUT measurements have traditionally been obtained by observing the projection of a ring grid pattern onto the corneal surface 4–8 . However, the subjective nature of this evaluation introduces intersubject variability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…NIBUT measurements have traditionally been obtained by observing the projection of a ring grid pattern onto the corneal surface. [4][5][6][7][8] However, the subjective nature of this evaluation introduces intersubject variability. Subjective devices offer certain advantages, including portability and low instrument costs.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Reliability and agreement of subjective and objective non‐invasive break‐up time measurements in contact lens wearers

Valencia‐Nieto,

López‐de la Rosa,

González‐García

et al. 2023

Ophthalmic Physiologic Optic

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PurposeTo assess the reliability and agreement of non‐invasive break‐up time (NIBUT) in symptomatic and asymptomatic contact lens (CL) wearers using automatic objective and conventional subjective techniques.MethodsIn this prospective cross‐sectional study, soft CL wearers, classified into symptomatic and asymptomatic based on the Contact Lens Dry Eye Questionnaire‐8, underwent NIBUT assessment with the CL in situ. The CA‐800 Corneal Analyzer and the EasyTear® VIEW+ Tearscope were used for objective and subjective evaluation, respectively. The within‐subject repeatability and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) were calculated. The agreement between the devices was compared using the Bland–Altman method.ResultsA total of 141 CL wearers (51 male and 90 female) with a mean age of 33.6 (SD = 12.2) years were included. The repeatability and ICC values obtained with the CA‐800 device when measuring NIBUT were 5.4 s and 58.6% across the whole sample, 4.2 s and 48.8% for the asymptomatic group and 7.1 s and 68.4% for the symptomatic group. When using the subjective method (EasyTear®), the respective repeatability and ICC values were 7.3 s and 32.7% for the whole sample, 6.5 s and 30.4% for the asymptomatic group and 8.6 s and 35.9% for the symptomatic group. The CA‐800 device provided significantly (p < 0.001) shorter NIBUT values compared with EasyTear® for the whole sample (3.3 [2.9] vs. 8.1 [3.4] s), the asymptomatic (3.3 [3.0] vs. 7.7 [3.6] s) and the symptomatic (3.8 [2.9] vs. 8.6 [3.0] s) groups.ConclusionObjective (CA‐800) NIBUT assessment provides more reliable measurements than the conventional subjective technique using the EasyTear® device. However, CL practitioners should also be aware that the objective method indicates shorter NIBUT values. Symptomatic CL wearers may also need a higher number of NIBUT measurements to obtain reliable estimations.

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Review of Literature on Measurements of Non-invasive Break Up Times, Lipid Morphology and Tear Meniscal Height Using Commercially Available Hand-held Instruments

Cited by 16 publications

References 49 publications

The applications of androgen in the treatment of dry eye disease: a systematic review of clinical studies

The applications of androgen in the treatment of dry eye disease: a systematic review of clinical studies

Agreement and repeatability of four different devices to measure non-invasive tear breakup time (NIBUT)

Reliability and agreement of subjective and objective non‐invasive break‐up time measurements in contact lens wearers

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