Review of literature on catalysts for biomass gasification

Sutton, D.; Kelleher, Brian P.; Ross, J.R.H.

doi:10.1016/s0378-3820(01)00208-9

Cited by 1,076 publications

(655 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The effect of alkali carbonates on the gasification was also observed a previous study related to steam gasification of biomass. It was demonstrated that the presence of catalyst increased the char yield during the volatilization stage but then decreased the char yield during the second stage of the gasification process (Sutton et al, 2001). …”

Section: Tar Conversionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen production from algal biomass via steam gasification

Duman

Uddin

Yanık

2014

Bioresource Technology

176

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Algal biomasses were tested as feedstock for steam gasification in a dual-bed microreactor in a two-stage process. Gasification experiments were carried out in absence and presence of catalyst. The catalysts used were 10% Fe2O3-90% CeO2 and red mud (activated and natural forms). Effects of catalysts on tar formation and gasification efficiencies were comparatively investigated. It was observed that the characteristic of algae gasification was dependent on its components and the catalysts used. The main role of the catalyst was reforming of the tar derived from algae pyrolysis, besides enhancing water gas shift reaction. The tar reduction levels were in the range of 80-100% for seaweeds and of 53-70% for microalgae. Fe2O3-CeO2 was found to be the most effective catalyst. The maximum hydrogen yields obtained were 1036cc/g algae for Fucus serratus, 937cc/g algae for Laminaria digitata and 413cc/g algae for Nannochloropsis oculata.FP7 Marie-Curie IAPP-Project (230598

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Section: Tar Conversionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen production from algal biomass via steam gasification

Duman

Uddin

Yanık

2014

Bioresource Technology

176

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“…Therefore, biomass gasification and pyrolysis-steam reforming for hydrogen production has drawn great interest, particularly using steam as the gasification agent and a suitable catalyst where the hydrogen yield can be significantly enhanced [16][17][18][19][20]. However, a challenge towards large scale commercialisation is tar formation in the product syngas and coke formation on the catalyst; the tar can block the pipework of downstream applications and the coke deposits on the surface of the reacted catalyst lead to deactivation [21]. A desirable catalyst should promote tar reduction in the syngas, have good thermal stability in terms of prohibition of metal sintering and promote a high yield of hydrogen production.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A desirable catalyst should promote tar reduction in the syngas, have good thermal stability in terms of prohibition of metal sintering and promote a high yield of hydrogen production. [21][22][23] A number of catalysts have been proven to be active for hydrogen production and are stable towards deactivation in biomass gasification/reforming, which are mainly the platinum group metals (e.g. Ph, Rt, Pd, Ru) based catalysts [23][24][25][26][27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For enhanced catalytic performance and thermal stability, various supports (such as, zeolites [4,5,7,28,29], dolomite [1,22,30,31], olivine [21,32], other metal and metal oxides such as La, Fe, CeO2, SiO2, ZrO2, TiO2, MgO, ZnO, Al2O3 [10,[33][34][35][36][37][38][39]) have been applied to change the interactions between support and metal particles which may thereby influence the catalytic properties. Particularly, alumina has been widely investigated as a catalyst support due to high activity and low cost in the reforming process [33][34][35]40].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, catalysts based on an alumina support suffer severely from coke deposition because of the strong acidity of the alumina support [41]. Under this circumstance, modifications of Ni-based Al2O3 supported catalysts should be investigated by the addition of basic metals or promoters which can help decrease the support acidity and also improve the prohibition of coke formation on the surface of the catalyst and also the catalyst thermal stability [21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Promoting hydrogen production and minimizing catalyst deactivation from the pyrolysis-catalytic steam reforming of biomass on nanosized NiZnAlOx catalysts

Dong

Ling

et al. 2017

Fuel

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Hydrogen production from the thermochemical conversion of biomass was carried out with nano-sized NiZnAlOx catalysts using a two-stage fixed bed reactor system. The gases derived from the pyrolysis of wood sawdust in the first stage were catalytically steam reformed in the second stage. The NiZnAlOx catalysts were synthesized by a co-precipitation method with different Ni molar fractions (5, 10, 15, 25 and 35%) and a constant Zn:Al molar ratio of 1:4. The catalysts were characterized by a wide range of techniques, including N2 adsorption, SEM, XRD, TEM and temperature-programmed oxidation (TPO) and reduction (TPR). Fine metal particles of size around 10-11 nm were obtained and the catalysts had high stability characteristics, which improved the dispersion of active centers during the reaction and promoted the performance of the catalysts. The yield of gas was increased from 49.3 to 74.8 wt.%, and the volumetric concentration of hydrogen was increased from 34.7 to 48.1 vol.%, when the amount of Ni loading was increased from 5 to 35%. Meanwhile, the CH4 fraction decreased from 10.2 to 0.2 vol.% and the C2-C4 fraction was reduced from 2.4 vol.% to 0.0 vol.%. During the reaction, the crystal size of all catalysts was successfully maintained at around 10-11 nm with lowered catalyst coke formation, (particularly for the 35NiZn4Al catalyst where negligible coke was found) and additionally no obvious catalyst sintering was detected. The efficient production of hydrogen from the thermochemical conversion of renewable biomass indicates that it is a promising sustainable route to generate hydrogen from biomass using the NiZnAl metal oxide catalyst prepared in this work via a two-stage reaction system.

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Hydrogen Production from Renewables

Navarro¹,

Sánchez-Sánchez²,

Álvarez-Galván³

et al. 2005

Encyclopedia of Inorganic Chemistry

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Hydrogen is considered to be critical for energy and environmental sustainability. However, as hydrogen is currently produced from fossil fuels, it emits large amounts of carbon dioxide along the reforming steps. The technical challenges to achieve a stable hydrogen economy include improving process efficiencies, lowering the cost of production, and harnessing renewable sources for hydrogen production. Lignocellulosic biomass is one of the most abundant forms of renewable resources. When this precursor is used, virtually no net greenhouse gas emissions result because a natural cycle is maintained, in which carbon is extracted from the atmosphere during plant growth and is released during hydrogen production. This article focuses on recent developments in biomass and biomass‐derived product conversion to H 2 . The second option explored here is the conversion of solar energy into hydrogen via water‐splitting processes assisted by two‐step metal‐oxide thermochemical cycles or by photosemiconductor catalysts. The conversion of solar energy into a clean fuel (H 2 ) is the most promising technology for the future because large quantities of hydrogen can potentially be generated in a clean and sustainable manner. Undoubtedly, the conversion of solar energy into H 2 is one of the greatest challenges scientists are facing in the twenty first century. A survey is presented of the advances made in the development of metal oxide redox pairs since the pioneering work by Nakamura in 1977 and in the development of photocatalysts for water splitting under visible light since the first work of Fujishima and Honda in 1972. The very high thermal reduction temperature used for the metal oxide redox pairs developed until now leads to severe sintering, melting, and vaporization of materials, decreasing the efficiency and durability in the cyclic operation. Consequently, the application of material science and engineering to the development of materials with lower reduction temperature and high water‐splitting ability is still a challenge in this scientific area and an overview of the progress is provided in this article. On the other hand, there are still major challenges in the development of photocatalysts with improved efficiencies for hydrogen production from water using solar energy. An overview is provided in this article of research strategies and approaches adopted in the search for photocatalysts for water splitting under visible light (new photocatalyst materials and the control of the synthesis of materials for customizing the crystallinity, electronic structure, and morphology of catalysts at nanometric scale).

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Review of literature on catalysts for biomass gasification

Cited by 1,076 publications

References 26 publications

Hydrogen production from algal biomass via steam gasification

Hydrogen production from algal biomass via steam gasification

Promoting hydrogen production and minimizing catalyst deactivation from the pyrolysis-catalytic steam reforming of biomass on nanosized NiZnAlOx catalysts

Hydrogen Production from Renewables

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