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2021
DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.26.1.010902
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Review of in vivo optical molecular imaging and sensing from x-ray excitation

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Cited by 13 publications
(11 citation statements)
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“…These ejected electrons then interact with the outer shells of the atoms/ions and result in an avalanche of secondary carriers, followed by the thermalization of massive electrons and holes in the CB and VB, respectively. As high-energy X-ray irradiation may initiate physically generated defects inside the materials, chemically induced defects are not indispensable in X-PersL [32,38]. Though several possible PersL models have been proposed previously, a clear picture for the trapping/detrapping of charge carriers remains elusive and some speculations are even controversial.…”
Section: X-persl Mechanismmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…These ejected electrons then interact with the outer shells of the atoms/ions and result in an avalanche of secondary carriers, followed by the thermalization of massive electrons and holes in the CB and VB, respectively. As high-energy X-ray irradiation may initiate physically generated defects inside the materials, chemically induced defects are not indispensable in X-PersL [32,38]. Though several possible PersL models have been proposed previously, a clear picture for the trapping/detrapping of charge carriers remains elusive and some speculations are even controversial.…”
Section: X-persl Mechanismmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The emission of CR needs the irradiation energy of X-rays to meet the in the high kilovoltage or megavoltage range while only 1% of secondary electrons can be delivered [25,26]. Using X-rays to generate CR and in turn induce luminescence allows imaging at sub-millimeter resolution with nanomolar sensitivity, such as during real-time monitoring during radiotherapy in vivo [25,26]. When X-rays pass through tissues, soft collisions during energy deposition lead to de-excitation of primary or secondary electrons, generating Cerenkov emission (Figure 2A) [7].…”
Section: Megavoltage X-ray Radiationmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…X-ray-induced sensing to gain molecular information could be invaluable because of the high penetrance of X-rays and wide availability and acceptance of these sources in biomedical practice [41,42]. The field of X-ray-induced optical molecular sensing benefits from an extraordinarily large range of detectors and sensors for optical emission that have sensitivity to the single-photon level.…”
Section: Cherenkov Light Production From Radiationmentioning
confidence: 99%