Review of Environmental Aspects and Community Behavior in the Determination of Filariasis Risk Vulnerability Zone

Abstract

Pekalongan City is a filariasis endemic area with the highest number of filariasis cases in Central Java. One of the factors influencing the risk of transmission of filariasis is environmental factors and community behavior. The purpose of this research was to know the potential areas of filariasis transmission risk in terms of environmental condition and behavior of society. This research was conducted on 6 urban villages in Pekalongan City on May-June 2017. It was quantitative descriptive research based on Geographic Information System (GIS) with the object of research in the form of environmental factors and community behavior in the mapping unit. The sample technique used proportional random sampling with 387 respondents in a sample area. Data analysis used univariat and spatial analysis with buffer, overlapping and overlay techniques. The result of this study were still there region that categorized very vulnerable to transmission of filariasis with amount each variable as many as 55.3% (21 RWs) based on sewerage condition, 57.8% (22 RWs) based on the presence of stagnant water, 23.7% (9 RWs) based on the night outdoor habit, 86.9% (33 RWs) based on the habit of using mosquito nets, and 39.5% (15 RWs) based on the overlay of vulnerability to environmental conditions and community behavior. Abstrak Kota Pekalongan merupakan daerah endemik filariasis dengan jumlah kejadian filariasis tertinggi di Jawa Tengah. Salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi tingkat risiko penularan filariasis di Kota Pekalongan adalah faktor lingkungan dan perilaku masyarakat. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui daerah potensial penularan filariasis ditinjau dari kondisi lingkungan dan perilaku masyarakat. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada 6 kelurahan di Kota Pekalongan pada bulan Mei-Juni 2017. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif berbasis Sistem Informasi Geografis (SIG

Spatial Analysis of Lymphatic Filariasis Case and Mosquito Resting Place in Rural Area of Brebes Regency, Indonesia

“…It contributes to LF transmission in some LF-endemic areas. LF cases are usualy distributed more close to areas bordered by shorelines (Khikmah and Pawenang, 2018;Nurjazuli et al, 2018;Nurjazuli and Santjaka, 2020). But in reality, LF cases in Brebes Regency were distributed more in rural areas away from shore .…”

“…Bushes have these characteristics and become preferred resting places for mosquitoes. In consequence, people who live in bushes-surrounding areas have a higher risk of mosquitoes bit and infecting LF (Sapada, Anwar, C. and Priadi, 2015;Khikmah and Pawenang, 2018;Nurjazuli and Santjaka, 2020). An ecological study by Alencar et al (2021), described that Culex quinquefasciatus prefers areas with bushes for resting places.…”

“…The rate of infective larval infection in the anopheles vector varies according to mosquito species and local conditions but is often around 0.1-5% for Adult mosquitoes need a certain site, called a resting place, to rest after and before biting for a blood meal. Previous studies found cattle pens, unmaintained bushes, and maintained bushes as important outdoor resting places for adult mosquitoes (Siwiendrayanti, Pawenang and Indarjo, 2017;Khikmah and Pawenang, 2018;Siwiendrayanti, Pawenang, Indarjo, et al, 2020). It is needed to identify what kind of resting place contributes more to LF distribution in rural areas in Brebes Regency.…”

Sequential Neighborhood Filariasis Transmission in Coastal Areas of Demak Regency, Indonesia

“…Mosquito will transmitted the microfilariae worm from previous patient to the later patient [15]. It might be supported by environmental condition which suitable for mosquito's breeding and resting places [12], [19]. Sayung District was reported annually suffered from tidal flood.…”