Review of different classes of RFID authentication protocols

Ibrahim, Alaauldin; Dalkılıç, Gökhan

doi:10.1007/s11276-017-1638-3

Cited by 28 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 112 publications

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“…There are many algorithms available in the literature for securing the communication among the sensors and systems. Most of the secured algorithms are complex and computation intensive in nature [2]. Wireless sensor networks are composed of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tags and low power-consuming sensors [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Renovated XTEA Encoder Architecture-Based Lightweight Mutual Authentication Protocol for RFID and Green Wireless Sensor Network Applications

Nagarajan

Muthaiah

Teekaraman

et al. 2022

Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing

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Wireless sensor networks find applications everywhere in day to day activities right from attendance entry systems to healthcare monitoring systems. The evolution of the Internet of Things (IoT) as the Internet of Everything (IoET) makes the wireless sensor network omnipresent and increases the use of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) for the proper identification of devices and sensor nodes which are mostly battery operated. As technology evolves, security threats also increase rapidly. This mandates a strong and energy-efficient green solution. This work attempted to address these issues by effectively deploying the lightweight encryption scheme called Extended Tiny Encryption Algorithm (XTEA). Though the XTEA is lightweight and famous, it is commonly known for various attacks. Our work patches the security threats in the XTEA by applying domain-specific customization, random number utilization, and undisclosed key renewal techniques. Two custom Renovated XTEA Mutual Authentication Protocol (RXMAP) encoder architectures, namely, RXMAP-1 and RXMAP-2, are proposed based on the replacement of accurate computational blocks with approximate blocks. The proposed RXMAP protocol is evaluated for its computational and storage overhead and verified against various security threats using BAN logic formal verification and informal verification. The proposed encoder architectures are simulated for functional verification, and ASIC implementation is done with a 132 nm process node. ASIC implementation results show that the proposed designs RXMAP-1 and RXMAP-2 occupy 53.11% and 53.31% lesser area compared to XTEA I and 52.97% and 53.18% lesser area compared to XTEA II implementation. The total power consumed by the proposed encoder architectures RXMAP-1 and RXMAP-2 is 68.76% and 71.64% lesser than XTEA II implementation, respectively, while maintaining the equal throughput.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Renovated XTEA Encoder Architecture-Based Lightweight Mutual Authentication Protocol for RFID and Green Wireless Sensor Network Applications

Nagarajan

Muthaiah

Teekaraman

et al. 2022

Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing

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“…In [14], a survey is given on the different classes of RFID authentication protocols, with a distinction in fully fledged, simple, lightweight, and ultralightweight protocols. Fully fledged protocols are defined as protocols supporting both symmetric and asymmetric operations and thus are the focus of this work.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For instance, the scheme of [15] has been compared with [14,19,20], the scheme of [16] with [21][22][23][24][25], the scheme of [17] with [14,20,26,27], and the scheme of [18] with [14,20,26,28]. From Table 2 of [14], it can be concluded that [18] is the most complete scheme with respect to security features and resistance against important security threats. However, when having a closer look to [18], we can also conclude that this scheme is not scalable as the reader needs to perform exhaustive search in the whole list of tags to verify the validity of the signature.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Highly Efficient ECC‐Based Authentication Protocol for RFID

Alaoui¹,

Ghazi

Zbakh³

et al. 2021

Journal of Sensors

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The availability of safety has always been a challenge in all fields of computing and networking, and the development of reliable security measures for low operating power systems has been a continuous task for researchers. This paper focuses on Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) systems, whose market is tremendously growing due to the increasing need for efficient supply chain and healthcare management. Two protocols are proposed that offer mutual authentication, confidentiality, forward security, anonymity, unlinkability, scalability, and resistance against the most important security attacks. They differ in storage requirements at the server side. Both proposed protocols are very efficient as the number of required elliptic curve multiplications is limited to two at the tag side. Moreover, the schemes are also more effective and secure than other related work presented in literature. In addition, we show how to extend the protocols in order to provide authentication with respect to multiple readers.

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“…ECC cryptosystems implementations designed for low-resource and low-cost applications are called lightweight implementations [ 4 ]. To differentiate, a lightweight ECC implementation corresponds to an optimized implementation in terms of areas and hardware resources, while a lightweight RFID protocol [ 5 ] refers to protocol that uses only cyclic redundancy checks (CRC) and random number generators (RNG). This is also efficient security protocol, which is not the purpose of this paper to study.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Survey: Vulnerability Analysis of Low-Cost ECC-Based RFID Protocols against Wireless and Side-Channel Attacks

Gabsi

Beroulle

Kieffer

et al. 2021

Sensors

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The radio frequency identification (RFID) system is one of the most important technologies of the Internet of Things (IoT) that tracks single or multiple objects. This technology is extensively used and attracts the attention of many researchers in various fields, including healthcare, supply chains, logistics, asset tracking, and so on. To reach the required security and confidentiality requirements for data transfer, elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) is a powerful solution, which ensures a tag/reader mutual authentication and guarantees data integrity. In this paper, we first review the most relevant ECC-based RFID authentication protocols, focusing on their security analysis and operational performances. We compare the various lightweight ECC primitive implementations designed for RFID applications in terms of occupied area and power consumption. Then, we highlight the security threats that can be encountered considering both network attacks and side-channel attacks and analyze the security effectiveness of RFID authentication protocols against such types of attacks. For this purpose, we classify the different threats that can target an ECC-based RFID system. After that, we present the most promising ECC-based protocols released during 2014–2021 by underlining their advantages and disadvantages. Finally, we perform a comparative study between the different protocols mentioned regarding network and side-channel attacks, as well as their implementation costs to find the optimal one to use in future works.

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Review of different classes of RFID authentication protocols

Cited by 28 publications

References 112 publications

Renovated XTEA Encoder Architecture-Based Lightweight Mutual Authentication Protocol for RFID and Green Wireless Sensor Network Applications

Renovated XTEA Encoder Architecture-Based Lightweight Mutual Authentication Protocol for RFID and Green Wireless Sensor Network Applications

A Highly Efficient ECC‐Based Authentication Protocol for RFID

Survey: Vulnerability Analysis of Low-Cost ECC-Based RFID Protocols against Wireless and Side-Channel Attacks

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