Renovated XTEA Encoder Architecture-Based Lightweight Mutual Authentication Protocol for RFID and Green Wireless Sensor Network Applications

Abstract

Wireless sensor networks find applications everywhere in day to day activities right from attendance entry systems to healthcare monitoring systems. The evolution of the Internet of Things (IoT) as the Internet of Everything (IoET) makes the wireless sensor network omnipresent and increases the use of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) for the proper identification of devices and sensor nodes which are mostly battery operated. As technology evolves, security threats also increase rapidly. This mandates a strong and energy-efficient green solution. This work attempted to address these issues by effectively deploying the lightweight encryption scheme called Extended Tiny Encryption Algorithm (XTEA). Though the XTEA is lightweight and famous, it is commonly known for various attacks. Our work patches the security threats in the XTEA by applying domain-specific customization, random number utilization, and undisclosed key renewal techniques. Two custom Renovated XTEA Mutual Authentication Protocol (RXMAP) encoder architectures, namely, RXMAP-1 and RXMAP-2, are proposed based on the replacement of accurate computational blocks with approximate blocks. The proposed RXMAP protocol is evaluated for its computational and storage overhead and verified against various security threats using BAN logic formal verification and informal verification. The proposed encoder architectures are simulated for functional verification, and ASIC implementation is done with a 132 nm process node. ASIC implementation results show that the proposed designs RXMAP-1 and RXMAP-2 occupy 53.11% and 53.31% lesser area compared to XTEA I and 52.97% and 53.18% lesser area compared to XTEA II implementation. The total power consumed by the proposed encoder architectures RXMAP-1 and RXMAP-2 is 68.76% and 71.64% lesser than XTEA II implementation, respectively, while maintaining the equal throughput.

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“…Another fundamental theory in this study is mutual information theory (MIT) [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26]. In 1948, Shannon proposed that "information is something used to remove random uncertainty."…”

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“…References Year Mechanism used MT1 [137] 2022 Proposes a set of enhancements to mitigate security threats found in a popular lightweight encryption approach known as Extended Tiny Encryption Algorithm (XTEA) to achieve mutual authentication for RFID and Green Wireless Sensor Network Applications. [138] 2021 Suggests a Cryptographic solution-based secure ECC-enabled RFID authentication protocol for the Internet of Vehicle.…”

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