Review of degradation and failure phenomena in photovoltaic modules

Aghaei, Mohammadreza; Fairbrother, Andrew; Gok, Abdülkerim; Ahmad, Shahzada; Kazim, Samrana; Lobato, K.; Oreški, Gernot; Reinders, Angelina H.M.E.; Schmitz, Jurriaan; Theelen, Mirjam; Yilmaz, Pelin; Kettle, Jeff

doi:10.1016/j.rser.2022.112160

Cited by 235 publications

(130 citation statements)

References 140 publications

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“…With such a large volume of PV systems, it will be a significant challenge to monitor the performance and diagnose failures during the operation of various systems. PV systems experience different unexpected faults due to human errors, temperature, humidity, mechanical load, UV irradiation, shading, irreversible equipment damage, environmental impacts, and degradation [3][4][5][6]. Therefore, fault diagnosis and comprehensive monitoring play a pivotal role in improving the service life of PV systems [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Autonomous Monitoring and Analysis of Photovoltaic Systems

Aghaei

2022

Energies

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Autonomous Monitoring and Analysis of Photovoltaic Systems

Aghaei

2022

Energies

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“…One of the two external causes of hotspots is the occurrence of continuous and repetitive shading caused by structures or foreign substances, which causes power degradation, heat generation at cells or ribbon-bus bar soldering sites at certain locations, and eventually leads to a bypass diode failure [42][43][44][45][46]. The PV module internal factors that cause the second hotspot are cell breakage, internal insulation breakdown of the cell, P-N isolation destruction, poor soldering between the cell and ribbon, and poor soldering in the circuit between the interconnector ribbon and the upper and lower bus bars of the PV module [47][48][49][50]. External factors, including shading and burnout of the bypass diodes, will not be addressed in this paper because even if the PV module recovers, it will continue to recur in the same pattern if the cause is not removed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simplified Recovery Process for Resistive Solder Bond (RSB) Hotspots Caused by Poor Soldering of Crystalline Silicon Photovoltaic Modules Using Resin

Lee

Cho

et al. 2022

Energies

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When the thickness of the solar cell wafer and the amount of Ag to be used decreases, it is the best method to recover the power of the module after use at a minimum cost and reuse the module itself. Economic recovery technology can be applied to the power degradation, caused by the resistive solder bond (RSB) hotspot by poor soldering, because the recovery process can be simplified compared to the power loss that is often greater than 30%. This study demonstrated a quick recovery of the RSB hotspot with on-site recovery technology applied with resin and verified the performance and long-term reliability of on-site recovery technology, compared to the factory recovery method, where the back sheet is removed and laminated to recover the module. Both the factory and field recovery methods confirmed recovery results closer to the initial rated power output of the samples. Each sample was degraded by the RSB hotspot to ~62–65% of the initial power output, and the recovery process successfully recovered it to ~96–99%. In on-site recovery, verification of the possible EVA solvothermal swelling, which is the effect of organic solvents contained in the resin on EVA, is essential for verifying the long-term reliability of the recovered module. In this study, the power degradations of the on-site recovered samples after a TC 200 cycle test are −2.14% and −0.95%, respectively, which are within the certification test standard of the new manufacturing module. Existing factory recovery costs not only in the recovery process, but also in a total of 22 stages, such as the transfer of the target module. The largest advantage is that the on-site recovery process can be restarted in the field after only eight stages.

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“…Degradation faults are hotspots, cell cracks, discoloration, delamination, connections sectioning, bypass diode dysfunction, mismatch, corrosion, shading or potential induced degradation (PID) [ 2 , 11 , 12 ]. PV degradation faults detection requires the setting-up of methods such as electroluminescence, infrared thermography, UV fluorescence and I–V tracers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PV System Failures Diagnosis Based on Multiscale Dispersion Entropy

Lebreton

Kbidi

Graillet

et al. 2022

Entropy

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Photovoltaic (PV) system diagnosis is a growing research domain likewise solar energy’s ongoing significant expansion. Indeed, efficient Fault Detection and Diagnosis (FDD) tools are crucial to guarantee reliability, avoid premature aging and improve the profitability of PV plants. In this paper, an on-line diagnosis method using the PV plant electrical output is presented. This entirely signal-based method combines variational mode decomposition (VMD) and multiscale dispersion entropy (MDE) for the purpose of detecting and isolating faults in a real grid-connected PV plant. The present method seeks a low-cost design, an ease of implementation and a low computation cost. Taking into account the innovation of applying these techniques to PV FDD, the VMD and MDE procedures as well as parameters identification are carefully detailed. The proposed FFD approach performance is assessed on a real rooftop PV plant with experimentally induced faults, and the first results reveal the MDE approach has good suitability for PV plants diagnosis.

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Review of degradation and failure phenomena in photovoltaic modules

Cited by 235 publications

References 140 publications

Autonomous Monitoring and Analysis of Photovoltaic Systems

Autonomous Monitoring and Analysis of Photovoltaic Systems

Simplified Recovery Process for Resistive Solder Bond (RSB) Hotspots Caused by Poor Soldering of Crystalline Silicon Photovoltaic Modules Using Resin

PV System Failures Diagnosis Based on Multiscale Dispersion Entropy

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