Review of Craniospinal Acute, Subacute, and Chronic Subdural Hematomas

Akhaddar, Ali

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-79371-5_1

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Concomitant spinal and cranial SDH is a very rare and challenging clinical situation with quiet few cases having been reported in literature. To the best of our knowledge, only 50 cases have been published in literature including only 2 cases of anaplastic anemia [14]. The underlying predisposing factors in such condition could be trauma, vascular malformation, bleeding disorder due to antiplatelet or anticoagulant therapy or thrombocytopenia, bleeding tumor, lumbar puncture, alcohol abuse, or spontaneous [7,14].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To the best of our knowledge, only 50 cases have been published in literature including only 2 cases of anaplastic anemia [14]. The underlying predisposing factors in such condition could be trauma, vascular malformation, bleeding disorder due to antiplatelet or anticoagulant therapy or thrombocytopenia, bleeding tumor, lumbar puncture, alcohol abuse, or spontaneous [7,14]. Reporting concomitant spontaneous spinal and cranial SDH in patients with aplastic anemia is very rare with only 2 cases having been reported in literature.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Concomitant spontaneous spinal and posterior fossa subdural hematoma in an 11-year-old child with aplastic anemia: a case report and review of literature

2022

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Purpose The current article describes an 11-year-old male who has aplastic anemia with an extremely rare condition, that is, concomitant posterior fossa SDH and spinal SDH. Methods This is a case report and review of literature. Case presentation This case presents an 11-year-old male known to have aplastic anemia complained of neck and back pain, headache, and persistent vomiting for 3 days. He had no history of head or spine trauma at all. His parents are relatives “positive consanguinity,” and his sister suffers from aplastic anemia. Clinical examination revealed severe pallor at the time of presentation, with no neurologic or locomotor deficit and positive Kernig’s sign. Conclusion Patients with aplastic anemia or any bleeding disorder conditions should be investigated thoroughly if symptoms denoted a CNS pathology. Concomitant cranial and spinal SDH rarely occurs, and more studies are advocated to be structured to investigate the specific pathophysiology and etiologies of this condition.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concomitant spontaneous spinal and posterior fossa subdural hematoma in an 11-year-old child with aplastic anemia: a case report and review of literature

2022

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“…The acute hematoma manifest rapidly within the first few hours of injury whereas the chronic hematoma evolves over weeks after the injury. SDH is the most common hematoma in pediatric and elderly patients with different phases of manifestations [4] [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

YOLOv5s-CAM: A Deep Learning Model for Automated Detection and Classification for Types of Intracranial Hematoma in CT Images

Vidhya,

Raghavendra,

Gudigar

et al. 2023

IEEE Access

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Intracranial hematoma due to traumatic brain injury is a serious health concern with rates of morbidity and mortality that are increasing worldwide. Manual identification is slow, subject to observer variabilities, and the existing automated techniques for intracranial hematoma detection in non-contrast computed tomography images cannot effectively detect multiple lesions of irregular sizes and shapes. Therefore, a computer-aided system using different window settings, YOLOv5s, cascaded attention module, and spatial pyramid pooling-fast is proposed to detect hematoma types, namely acute intraparenchymal, intraventricular, subdural, epidural, subarachnoid, and chronic subdural. Firstly, the computed tomography images are pre-processed using a window-based stacking approach wherein a three-channel image is generated by stacking grayscale images obtained with the aid of multiple window settings, i.e, brain, bone, and subdural. Secondly, a cascaded attention module is constructed in the neck of the YOLOv5s model to improve its detection performance by placing the convolution block attention module in serial with the efficient channel attention module. The cascaded attention module enriches the feature representation of various hematoma types in complex backgrounds especially when they are small and inconspicuous. The spatial pyramid pooling is replaced by a spatial pyramid pooling-fast to reduce the computational parameters and accelerate the feature fusion ability. The proposed deep learning model is trained, validated, and tested with 15,921 images from the brain haemorrhage extended dataset and it achieved overall precision, recall, F1score, and mean average precision at 0.5 and 0.5:0.95 of 0.935, 0.908, 0.921, 0.943 and 0.65 respectively. The experimental results show that in comparison to the original YOLOv5s model and state-of-the-art methods, the model was able to localize and classify the acute or chronic instances of five hematoma subtypes in an individual image with improved precision and recall values. Hence the proposed system can be used in hospitals for the early and accurate detection of hematoma.INDEX TERMS Cascaded attention module, medical image processing, intracranial hematoma, TBI, YOLO.

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“…Concomitant intracranial and spinal SDH is usually the result of trauma [ 6 ]. While high-energy trauma is typically required to cause SDH in younger individuals, in older individuals, SDH may result from minor trauma [ 7 ]. In such patients, any type of acceleration/deceleration injury may cause SDH [ 8 ], with up to half of older patients not having any direct head trauma [ 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concurrent Spinal and Intracranial Subdural Hematomas as a Cause of Near-Fatal Low Back Pain in the Chiropractic Office: A Case Report

Chu¹,

Trager²,

Nga³

et al. 2022

Cureus

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In older individuals, minor trauma may cause potentially fatal intracranial subdural hematoma (SDH). Rarely, these patients present with only low back and radicular pain as gravity redistributes the SDH to the lumbar spine.A 69-year-old male presented to a chiropractor with a 10-day history of acute on chronic low back pain, which radiated into his lower extremities bilaterally, involving weakness and difficulty walking, and a ground-level fall onto his elbows 16 days prior. He had visited his primary care provider, orthopedist, and traditional Chinese medicine practitioner, received oral analgesics and three ketorolac injections, and had lumbar radiographs, followed by acupuncture, cupping, and spinal manipulation without lasting relief. Considering the patient's concerning presentation, the chiropractor ordered lumbar magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) on the first visit, revealing findings suggestive of late subacute lumbar SDH, and recommended urgent brain MRI and neurosurgical referral. The patient went to an orthopedic surgeon at a nearby hospital, becoming disoriented upon presentation, prompting admission. Brain MRI confirmed bilateral chronic intracranial SDH, prompting emergency hematoma evacuation via burr hole craniostomy. The patient's gait rapidly improved, and the pain subsided over the following two weeks. This case highlights an older male identified as having spinal SDH by a chiropractor, leading to referral and surgery for concurrent life-threatening intracranial SDH. Clinicians should be aware that spinal SDH may stem from asymptomatic intracranial SDH and should be suspicious of SDH in older individuals after a fall, signs of which warrant emergency referral for MRI and surgical evaluation.

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Review of Craniospinal Acute, Subacute, and Chronic Subdural Hematomas

Cited by 4 publications

References 73 publications

Concomitant spontaneous spinal and posterior fossa subdural hematoma in an 11-year-old child with aplastic anemia: a case report and review of literature

Concomitant spontaneous spinal and posterior fossa subdural hematoma in an 11-year-old child with aplastic anemia: a case report and review of literature

YOLOv5s-CAM: A Deep Learning Model for Automated Detection and Classification for Types of Intracranial Hematoma in CT Images

Concurrent Spinal and Intracranial Subdural Hematomas as a Cause of Near-Fatal Low Back Pain in the Chiropractic Office: A Case Report

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