Review of Coal Tar Preparation and Processing Technology

Zhang, Jun Xia

doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.619.286

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…(3) g = 0.3440 −d 002 0.3440 −0.3354 (4) where Lc was microcrystal stacking thickness (nm), λ was incident wavelength (0.15406 nm), β was half-peak width, La was microcrystal size (nm), θ was (002) crystallographic diffraction angle, 0.3440 nm was entirely non-graphitized carbon material (002) crystalline surface layer spacing, and 0.3354 nm was ideal single-crystal graphite layer spacing. d 002 was calculated by XRD mapping (002) graphite characteristic diffraction peaks combined with the aid of MDI Jade 6 software.…”

Section: Xrd Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The preparation of graphitized foam carbon represents a sustainable avenue for its utilization. Such carbon materials find widespread applications in metallurgy, construction, textiles, papermaking and transportation, exhibiting promising prospects [ 2 , 3 , 4 ]. The ordered nature of the carbonaceous intermediate phase formed during the pyrolysis of heavy tar is a crucial factor influencing the performance of graphitized foam carbon [ 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pyrolytic Modification of Heavy Coal Tar by Multi-Polymer Blending: Preparation of Ordered Carbonaceous Mesophase

Zhang,

Liu,

Jia

et al. 2024

Polymers

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In order to achieve the high-value utilization of heavy tar for the production of enhanced-performance graphite foam carbon, the carbon mesophase was ready from the heavy component of low-temperature coal tar, and the coal tar was modified by styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS), polyethylene (PE) and ethylene-vinyl-acetate (EVA) copolymers. The order degree of the carbonite mesophase was analyzed using a polarizing microscope test, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction to screen out the most suitable copolymer type and addition amount. Furthermore, the mechanism of modification by this copolymer was analyzed. The results showed that adding SBS, PE and EVA to coal tar would affect the order of carbonaceous mesophase; however, at an addition rate of 10.0 wt.%, the linear-structure SBS copolymer with a styrene/butadiene ratio (S/B) of 30/70 exhibited the optimal degree of ordering in the carbonaceous mesophase. Its foam carbon prepared by polymer modification is the only one that forms a graphitized structure, with d002 of 0.3430 nm, and the maximum values of Lc and La are 3.54 nm and 2.22 nm, respectively. This is because, under elevated pressure and high-temperature conditions, SBS underwent chain scission, releasing a more significant number of methyl and other free radicals that interacted with the coal tar constituents. As a result, it reduced the affinity density of heavy coal tar molecules, enhanced fluidity, promoted the stacking of condensed aromatic hydrocarbons and increased the content of soluble carbonaceous mesophase, ultimately leading to a more favorable alignment of the carbonaceous mesophase.

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Section: Xrd Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pyrolytic Modification of Heavy Coal Tar by Multi-Polymer Blending: Preparation of Ordered Carbonaceous Mesophase

Zhang,

Liu,

Jia

et al. 2024

Polymers

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…While it is a byproduct of an industrial process, coal tar is employed in various applications and industries. It is used as source of raw materials for a diverse array of applications, from carbon-based powders, fibers, and beads , to pesticides, plastics, dyes, and preservatives. , Furthermore, work has been undertaken to process coal tar directly using deep-eutectic solvents to extract phenols and pyridines as well as using defective carbon constituents as anchors for novel electrocatalysts …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Coal Tar Concentration in Therapeutic Shampoo by Fluorescence Measurements of Perylene

Stubbing,

Wilden

2024

J. Chem. Educ.

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Determination of the concentration of the active component of a mixture is an important skill for the analytical chemist. However, complications arise when the sample of interest is a diverse formulation and the active ingredient itself is a multicomponent system. This experiment requires students to determine the concentration of coal tar in a therapeutic shampoo by measuring the fluorescence of perylene, one of the several thousand small-molecule components of coal tar. Students will use the standard addition method to achieve this, by producing a shampoo extract and spiking samples of this with a known amount of perylene. Additionally, by recording spectra of standard solutions of perylene, students will observe fluorescence self-quenching and discuss the mechanisms by which this occurs. Student feedback is presented and used to assess the effectiveness of this newly designed experiment, aimed at an advanced undergraduate analytical chemistry module.

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Utilisation of coal tar naphthalene oil fractions for the synthesis of value-added chemicals: alternative paths to mono- and di-methylnaphthalenes

Güleç,

Koçkan,

Karaduman

2023

Res Chem Intermed

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This study investigates the utilisation of coal tar naphthalene oil fraction (CTNOF), an economical by-product derived from the iron-steel industry, for the production of valuable chemicals, with a particular focus on methylnaphthalenes (MNs) and dimethylnaphthalenes (DMNs). Of specific interest is 2,6-dimethylnaphthalene (2,6-DMN), a pivotal component in the manufacture of polyethylene naphthalate (PEN). The intricate and costly nature of 2,6-DMN production currently poses challenges to the commercial viability of PEN. This study provides the potential heterogeneous reaction pathways for the synthesis of MNs and DMNs via methylation, disproportionation, and isomerisation of CTNOF. The utilisation of CTNOF was investigated in a laboratory-scale fixed bed reactor operating at atmospheric pressure using a mixture of CTNOF: methanol having 1:5 mass ratio over HBeta zeolite catalyst at a temperature of 400 °C and weight hourly space velocity of 2 h−1. The results reveal the successful methylation of CTNOF over the HBeta zeolite catalyst, initially achieving high naphthalene conversion, particularly into 2-MN. This highlights the potential of CTNOF as an alternative feedstock for the production of value-added chemicals. While naphthalene conversion initially reaches 99 wt% within 0.5 h of operation, it gradually decreases to approximately 10 wt% over extended run times. Notably, coke deposition significantly deactivates the HBeta zeolite catalyst during CTNOF methylation, impacting naphthalene conversion. A substantial proportion of naphthalene compounds convert to methylnaphthalenes early in the reaction, predominantly 2-MN, increasing from 14 wt% (in CTNOF feedstock) to 87 wt%. Among DMNs, selectivity for 2,6-DMN, 2,7-DMN, 1,3-DMN, and 1,7-DMN increases, while other DMN isomers exhibit a sharp decrease in selectivity. The distribution of 2,6-triad DMNs rises from 38 wt% in feedstocks to 52–55 wt% with extended reaction times, attributed to MN conversion to DMNs and potential isomerisation from other DMNs. This study underscores the feasibility of using CTNOF for the direct synthesis of valuable chemicals, specifically 2,6-DMN and 2-MN, through methylation over HBeta zeolite catalysts. However, it emphasises the critical role of residence time in coke deposition and the need for optimisation, particularly regarding this parameter, to ensure the efficiency of this catalytic process.

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Review of Coal Tar Preparation and Processing Technology

Cited by 8 publications

References 3 publications

Pyrolytic Modification of Heavy Coal Tar by Multi-Polymer Blending: Preparation of Ordered Carbonaceous Mesophase

Pyrolytic Modification of Heavy Coal Tar by Multi-Polymer Blending: Preparation of Ordered Carbonaceous Mesophase

Determination of Coal Tar Concentration in Therapeutic Shampoo by Fluorescence Measurements of Perylene

Utilisation of coal tar naphthalene oil fractions for the synthesis of value-added chemicals: alternative paths to mono- and di-methylnaphthalenes

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