Review of Clay-Drug Hybrid Materials for Biomedical Applications: Administration Routes

Abstract

Focus here is placed on the pharmaceutical and biomedical applications of novel clay-drug hybrid materials categorized by methods of administration. Clay minerals have been used for many years as pharmaceutical and medicinal ingredients for therapeutic purposes. A number of studies have attempted to explore clay-drug hybrid materials for biomedical applications with desired functions, such as sustained release, increased solubility, enhanced adsorption, mucoadhesion, biocompatibility, targeting, etc. The present review attempts not only to summarize the state-of-the-art of clay-drug hybrid materials and their advantages, depending on the methods of administration, but also to deal with challenges and future perspectives of clay mineral-based hybrids for biomedical applications.

Synthesis, Characterization and Biological Properties of Intercalated Kaolinite Nanoclays: Intercalation and Biocompatibility

“…The intercalated nanoclays prepared in this work were aimed for the utilization in various biomedical applications such as drug delivery, wound dressing, hemostatic bandage, tissue engineering, bone cement etc therefore, it was necessary to test toxicity of the kaolinite samples on blood cells [5,8]. In this study, it was investigated the cytotoxicities of different kaolinite samples on healthy human lymphocytes using MTS and Bradford assays.…”

“…Kaolinite is one of the most abundant aluminosilicates consisting of tetrahedral SiO 2 and octahedral AlO 3 sheets in 1:1 arrangement. Kaolinite shows rapid adsorption kinetics for small molecules due to the strong hydrogen bonds between the hydroxyl of octahedral layer and the oxygen of tetrahedral layer [4][5][6]. Intercalation of the nanoclay via the immobilization of various molecules in the interlayer spaces causes to reduce the strength of the forces between these layers, thus, resulting in expansion of the basal spacing of the nanoparticles.…”

The Use of Some Clay Minerals as Natural Resources for Drug Carrier Applications

“…According to the British, European and United States Pharmacopeias, the use of montmorillonite is mainly as auxiliary material in the pharmaceutical industry for topical or oral dosage forms. MMT indeed, thanks to its physicochemical properties (such as high swelling ratio), can intercalate active compounds between the layers generating a host for oral or topical drug delivery [54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66]. For montmorillonite topical use, it possesses beneficial effects in cosmetic and dermatological applications (paleotherapy and geotherapy) [1,67].…”

Flow and Tableting Behaviors of Some Egyptian Kaolin Powders as Potential Pharmaceutical Excipients

“…Kaolinite is a generally inexpensive, ubiquitous and biologically safe raw geomaterial to be used in pharmaceutical formulations at specific high purity grades. This phyllosilicate mineral exhibits a simple pseudohexagonal platy-form of stacking layered structure, with excellent physical and chemical properties that make it suitable as excipient (e.g., diluent, binder, disintegrant, pelletizing, granulating, amorphizing and film coating, emulsifying and suspending agents and drug carrier) in solid and semi-solid dosage formulations, besides its therapeutic activity in many biomedicinal applications [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. Kaolinite particles and its polymorph halloysite nanotubes surfaces exhibit adsorption affinities to many active ingredients including the organic drug and agrochemical molecules, biomolecules and non-toxic bioactive metals [14][15][16][17].…”