Review of chemical stabilizing agents for improving the physical and mechanical properties of loess

Hou, Yifei; Ping, Li; Wang, Jiading

doi:10.1007/s10064-021-02486-x

Cited by 25 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…The present study found that the dry density, calcium carbonate, clay minerals and loess structure have great influences on the disintegration behaviour of loess and clarified the material (non-water-stable materials as cements), structural (pores or pipes) and mechanical bases (various repulsive forces) required for loess disintegration, providing a better understanding of the evolution mechanism of the loess landform and an important reference for applying corresponding technologies, such as implementation of vegetation cover (Cheng et al, 2021) and stabilizing agents (Hou et al, 2021) to weaken loess disintegration in order to control soil erosion in different areas of the Loess Plateau.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water‐induced disintegration behaviour of Malan loess

Zhang

Fan

et al. 2022

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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The Malan loess is a greyish yellow unstratified sediment with uniform lithology, large pores and loose texture. The Malan loess is sensitive to water due to its porous and metastable structure. Water‐induced disintegration is the main cause of soil loss in the Loess Plateau of China and the primary evolutionary driving force of the loess landform. A series of laboratory tests is conducted on undisturbed cylindrical Malan loess samples to understand their disintegration behaviour further and examine potential influencing factors. Results show that the Malan loess experiences primary and secondary disintegration stages. The primary disintegration occurs very fast and terminates in an average of 40 s. Approximately 78% of the soil disintegrates in this stage. The disintegration velocity (V) and percentage (Df) in the primary stage demonstrate high correlation with the dry density, clay mineral content and CaCO3 content. Specifically, Df increases while V decreases with the increase of dry density or clay content. Df decreases while V increases with the increase of CaCO3. The concentration of ions, including Cl−, SO42−, CO32−, HCO3−, Ca2+, K+, Na+ and Mg2+, and the organic matter content do not exhibit a clear relationship with Df and V. In addition, the pore structure influences the Malan loess disintegration. The soil with evenly distributed small pores is subjected to gradual disintegration from outside to inside without abrupt failure, while that with large pipes disintegrates abruptly in large pieces.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water‐induced disintegration behaviour of Malan loess

Zhang

Fan

et al. 2022

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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“…The deposition of ne particles the size of clay in a dilute solution has Brownian motion, and during this random movement, repulsive or attractive forces are generated between the particles. The attraction force is the result of the van der Waals force between the grains in a solution, and depending on which force is dominant, the soil gains deposited in the dispersed or occulated form, which has a direct impact on the mechanical properties of these soils (Hou et al, 2021). The loess samples used in this paper were collected from the landslide center and from different depths of 3, 5, and 8 m by machine drilling method and Shelby tube sampler.…”

Section: Mechanical Properties Of Loessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determining the failure mechanism and analyzing numerical stability of a Loess slope in seismic zones: a case study

Yazarloo

Nabizadeh

2023

Preprint

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In this paper, with a set of engineering tools including field visits, laboratory experiments, geophysical methods, and numerical simulations, it’s been studied and determined the mechanism of the landslide in AghEmam village, northeast of Iran in Golestan Province. By performing a series of triaxial tests, the mechanical properties of loess soil were calculated, and by performing spectral ratio analysis (H/V) of the microtremor waves, the dynamic properties of the site were determined. The subsurface conditions of the landslide were identified by the high-density resistivity geoelectrical method. The results showed that the output of the numerical simulations carried out by PLAXIS software is in good agreement with the geophysical method and field observations. Based on the results, failure surface of the AghEmam landslide was curved and occurred due to seepage caused by continuous precipitation. With the continuation of precipitation, the loess layer was gradually saturated, and with the formation of a homogeneous flow field, rain directly reached the deep layers; with the dissolution of the cement between the loess grains at the depth, a critical slip surface was formed. The results showed that during the earthquake, stresses were gradually trapped in the slope and facilitated landslide by increasing the horizontal dynamic force. Earthquake also helping seepage and accelerate slide by destroying the porous structure of the loess and creating cracks. Finally, the applying of both precipitation and earthquake factors to the numerical model caused a considerable decrease in the safety factor, which indicates the inevitable occurrence of landslide in such conditions.

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“…Fiber as a curing agent has a high cost, and its durability, heat resistance, and impact resistance are relatively poor [ 14 ]. The ionic soil stabilizer still has some disadvantages, such as low strength and low compatibility as a direct subgrade base and being water repellent [ 15 ]. The preparation of compound curing agent is usually complicated, with high technical requirements.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical and Hydration Characteristics of Stabilized Gold Mine Tailings Using a Sustainable Industrial Waste-Based Binder

Pan

Zhang

et al. 2023

Materials

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Sustainable resource utilization of tailings is a long-term challenge. Therefore, a novel waste-based binder is proposed in this study to stabilize/solidify gold mine tailings (GMTs). This binder is composed of fly ash (FA), ground blast furnace slag (GBFS), and metakaolin (MK) activated with mixed calcium carbide residue (CCR) as well as pure reagent grade chemical, sodium hydroxide (SH, NaOH), and plaster gypsum (PG, CaSO4·2H2O). The mechanical properties and hydration of stabilized tailings with curing period were investigated. Tests included triaxial compression test and nitrogen adsorption to evaluate the strength of the stabilized tailings and microstructure. The results show that the addition of the waste-based binder yields significant improvement in shear strength. Strain softening occurred for all cured samples, and a local shear band can be observed in all failed stabilized samples. Based on the relationship between strength and curing period, it can be speculated that the hydration reaction of the sample ends after around 40 days of curing. A bimodal pore-size distribution was observed in all solidified/stabilized samples. FTIR and 27Al MAS-NMR were used to analyze hydration products. The strength improvement of stabilized tailings was mainly attributed to the formation of ettringite and C–S–H gels after various polymerization reactions. These new hydrates bind tailings particles and fill the pores to form a more stable structure, which supplied superior mechanical properties. This paper can provide a theoretical basis for exploring the application of the industrial waste-based binder to modify the mechanical properties of gold tailings.

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Review of chemical stabilizing agents for improving the physical and mechanical properties of loess

Cited by 25 publications

References 47 publications

Water‐induced disintegration behaviour of Malan loess

Water‐induced disintegration behaviour of Malan loess

Determining the failure mechanism and analyzing numerical stability of a Loess slope in seismic zones: a case study

Mechanical and Hydration Characteristics of Stabilized Gold Mine Tailings Using a Sustainable Industrial Waste-Based Binder

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