Review of biodiesel synthesis technologies, current trends, yield influencing factors and economical analysis of supercritical process

Qadeer, Muhammad Umer; Ayoub, Muhammad; Komiyama, Masaharu; Daulatzai, Muteeb Ullah Khan; Ahmad, Mahmood; Saqib, Sidra; Ullah, Sami; Qyyum, Muhammad Abdul; Asif, Saira; Bokhari, Awais

doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.127388

Cited by 76 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 128 publications

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“…When compared with other biodiesel generation methods, the supercritical technique allows for lower energy consumption. Available economic and energy analysis showed a reduction of about 71% in the cost of producing energy [ 47 ]. Notwithstanding the cost-effective and energy-efficient process, the supercritical method of biodiesel synthesis requires a high cost of production infrastructure and can denature the product.…”

Section: Feedstocks and Biodiesel Conversion Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Tubular Reactor Technologies for the Acceleration of Biodiesel Production

Awogbemi

Kallon

2022

Bioengineering

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The need to arrest the continued environmental contamination and degradation associated with the consumption of fossil-based fuels has continued to serve as an impetus for the increased utilization of renewable fuels. The demand for biodiesel has continued to escalate in the past few decades due to urbanization, industrialization, and stringent government policies in favor of renewable fuels for diverse applications. One of the strategies for ensuring the intensification, commercialization, and increased utilization of biodiesel is the adaptation of reactor technologies, especially tubular reactors. The current study reviewed the deployment of different types and configurations of tubular reactors for the acceleration of biodiesel production. The feedstocks, catalysts, conversion techniques, and modes of biodiesel conversion by reactor technologies are highlighted. The peculiarities, applications, merits, drawbacks, and instances of biodiesel synthesis through a packed bed, fluidized bed, trickle bed, oscillatory flow, and micro-channel tubular reactor technologies are discussed to facilitate a better comprehension of the mechanisms behind the technology. Indeed, the deployment of the transesterification technique in tubular reactor technologies will ensure the ecofriendly, low-cost, and large-scale production of biodiesel, a high product yield, and will generate high-quality biodiesel. The outcome of this study will enrich scholarship and stimulate a renewed interest in the application of tubular reactors for large-scale biodiesel production among biodiesel refiners and other stakeholders. Going forward, the use of innovative technologies such as robotics, machine learning, smart metering, artificial intelligent, and other modeling tools should be deployed to monitor reactor technologies for biodiesel production.

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Section: Feedstocks and Biodiesel Conversion Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Tubular Reactor Technologies for the Acceleration of Biodiesel Production

Awogbemi

Kallon

2022

Bioengineering

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“…The transesterification reaction between supercritical alcohol and triglycerides occurs in the absence of any catalysts. Once the alcohol molecules reach the supercritical region, hydrogen bonding in the alcohol dramatically decreases, allowing alcohol molecules to behave similar to an acid catalyst [226][227][228]. At particularly high pressure and temperature, for instance, 240 • C and 78.60 bar, methanol behaves similarly to a supercritical fluid, and the nature is similar to a compressible fluid with an intermediate density between a liquid and a gaseous fluid that allows excellent mass transfer characteristics due to the low surface tension and viscosity.…”

Section: Non-catalytic Biodiesel Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current State and Perspectives on Transesterification of Triglycerides for Biodiesel Production

Salaheldeen

Mariod²,

Aroua

et al. 2021

Catalysts

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Triglycerides are the main constituents of lipids, which are the fatty acids of glycerol. Natural organic triglycerides (viz. virgin vegetable oils, recycled cooking oils, and animal fats) are the main sources for biodiesel production. Biodiesel (mono alkyl esters) is the most attractive alternative fuel to diesel, with numerous environmental advantages over petroleum-based fuel. The most practicable method for converting triglycerides to biodiesel with viscosities comparable to diesel fuel is transesterification. Previous research has proven that biodiesel–diesel blends can operate the compression ignition engine without the need for significant modifications. However, the commercialization of biodiesel is still limited due to the high cost of production. In this sense, the transesterification route is a crucial factor in determining the total cost of biodiesel production. Homogenous base-catalyzed transesterification, industrially, is the conventional method to produce biodiesel. However, this method suffers from limitations both environmentally and economically. Although there are review articles on transesterification, most of them focus on a specific type of transesterification process and hence do not provide a comprehensive picture. This paper reviews the latest progress in research on all facets of transesterification technology from reports published by highly-rated scientific journals in the last two decades. The review focuses on the suggested modifications to the conventional method and the most promising innovative technologies. The potentiality of each technology to produce biodiesel from low-quality feedstock is also discussed.

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“…At this point, biodiesel is the next alternative fuel, which is mainly produced from vegetable oils, animal fat, and recently by recycling waste cooking oil. It is ascertained that biodiesel, in contrast to petroleum-based fuels, is a promising and environmentally friendly option [ [15] , [16] ]; unfortunately, it demands more complex processing, especially concerning waste sources [ [17] , [18] ]. Therefore, cleaner technologies with potential economic viability have been adapted for the rapid production of fuels in both petroleum refining processing and renewable biodiesel production.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cavitation based cleaner technologies for biodiesel production and processing of hydrocarbon streams: A perspective on key fundamentals, missing process data and economic feasibility – A review

Cako

Wang

Castro‐Muñoz

et al. 2022

Ultrasonics Sonochemistry

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Review of biodiesel synthesis technologies, current trends, yield influencing factors and economical analysis of supercritical process

Cited by 76 publications

References 128 publications

Application of Tubular Reactor Technologies for the Acceleration of Biodiesel Production

Application of Tubular Reactor Technologies for the Acceleration of Biodiesel Production

Current State and Perspectives on Transesterification of Triglycerides for Biodiesel Production

Cavitation based cleaner technologies for biodiesel production and processing of hydrocarbon streams: A perspective on key fundamentals, missing process data and economic feasibility – A review

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