Review of australian species ofTheileria, with special reference toTheileria Buffeli of cattle

Stewart, N. P.; Uilenberg, Gerrit; Vos, A.J. De

doi:10.1007/bf02250731

Cited by 44 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…This difference in prevalence is likely due to the ability of the present MT-PCR to detect tiny amounts (Ն1 fg) of parasite DNA compared with conventional PCRs (21)(22)(23). The sensitivity of the MT-PCR assay also explains why the prevalence of the Buffeli type was higher than recorded in previous studies (20,21) and also provides additional support for the proposal that the Buffeli genotype is endemic in Australia (55,56); however, a large-scale nation-wide survey would be needed to establish the geographical distribution of different genotypes of the T. orientalis complex. Currently, the MT-PCR assay has been designed for the four genotypes of T. orientalis known to occur in Australia (20,21,23).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 42%

Semiquantitative Multiplexed Tandem PCR for Detection and Differentiation of Four Theileria orientalis Genotypes in Cattle

et al. 2015

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bOriental theileriosis is an emerging, tick-borne disease of bovines in the Asia-Pacific region and is caused by one or more genotypes of the Theileria orientalis complex. This study aimed to establish and validate a multiplexed tandem PCR (MT-PCR) assay using three distinct markers (major piroplasm surface protein, 23-kDa piroplasm membrane protein, and the first internal transcribed spacer of nuclear DNA), for the simultaneous detection and semiquantification of four genotypes (Buffeli, Chitose, Ikeda, and type 5) of the T. orientalis complex. Analytical specificity, analytical sensitivity, and repeatability of the established MT-PCR assay were assessed in a series of experiments. Subsequently, the assay was evaluated using 200 genomic DNA samples collected from cattle from farms on which oriental theileriosis outbreaks had occurred, and 110 samples from a region where no outbreaks had been reported. The results showed the MT-PCR assay specifically and reproducibly detected the expected genotypes (i.e., genotypes Buffeli, Chitose, Ikeda, and type 5) of the T. orientalis complex, reliably differentiated them, and was able to detect as little as 1 fg of genomic DNA from each genotype. The diagnostic specificity and sensitivity of the MT-PCR were estimated at 94.0% and 98.8%, respectively. The MT-PCR assay established here is a practical and effective diagnostic tool for the four main genotypes of T. orientalis complex in Australia and should assist studies of the epidemiology and pathophysiology of oriental theileriosis in the Asia-Pacific region.T ick-borne diseases (TBDs) pose a major threat to livestock production worldwide and can have a significant impact on farming communities due to economic losses (1). Theileriosis is one of the important TBDs of cattle, sheep, and/or other ruminants, mainly in tropical and subtropical regions of the world (2). In cattle, East Coast fever (ECF) and Mediterranean/tropical theileriosis are due to Theileria parva and Theileria annulata, respectively, whereas oriental theileriosis is caused by Theileria orientalis. The prevalence of various forms of theileriosis in different parts of the world is dependent on the occurrence of suitable tick vectors for their transmission (3).Oriental theileriosis is caused by one or more genotypes of the T. orientalis complex and is transmitted by ixodid ticks, primarily Haemaphysalis spp. (4-6). Presently, 11 genotypes of T. orientalis complex (designated Chitose or type 1, Ikeda or type 2, Buffeli or type 3, types 4 to 8, and N-1 to N-3) have been identified using a number of molecular markers, including major piroplasm surface protein (MPSP) (7, 8), 23-kDa piroplasm membrane protein (p23) (9-11, 60), small-subunit (SSU) rRNA gene (8, 12, 13), and/or the first and second internal transcribed spacers of nuclear ribosomal DNA (ITS-1 and ITS-2, respectively) (12, 14). Of these genotypes, Ikeda and Chitose are recognized to be associated with clinical outbreaks of oriental theileriosis, mainly in the Asia-Pacific region (15-21). The major clin...

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 42%

Semiquantitative Multiplexed Tandem PCR for Detection and Differentiation of Four Theileria orientalis Genotypes in Cattle

et al. 2015

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“…7 Lymphocytic schizonts were not found in the index case; however, schizonts are considered uncommon in cows infected with T. buffeli. 30 Serum chemistry abnormalities seen in the index case are also consistent with bovine theileriosis. Hypoproteinemia and hypoalbuminemia could be due to the extravascular accumlation of proteinaceous fluids resulting from diseased lymph nodes 22 and thus explain the edema and body cavity effusions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…13,37 Most theilerial organisms of cattle that had low pathogenicity were called T. mutans. 30 As more Theileria spp. were isolated and studied, some organisms were reclassified.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Theileriosis in a Missouri Beef Herd Caused by Theileria buffeli

et al. 2000

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Abstract.A 6-year-old Simmental cow infected with Theileria buffeli had a clinical disease characterized by theilerial parasitemia, macrocytic normochromic anemia with acanthocytosis and spherocytosis, lymphoid hyperplasia (lymphocytosis, edematous lymphadenomegaly), dysproteinemia, evidence of liver disease, and a low serum antibody titer against T. buffeli. The cow was in a herd in which all cattle originated in Missouri; 22/75 (29%) of cattle had a theilerial parasitemia and 26/75 (35%) had titers to T. buffeli of Ն1 : 160. Classification of the Missouri bovine organism as T. buffeli was based on DNA sequencing and comparison to sequences for T. buffeli and Theileria sp. type A obtained from GenBank. Intraerythrocytic veils and piroplasms were seen during transmission electron microscopy. The organism was successfully transmitted to two splenectomized calves, which developed mild anemias while parasitemic. Blood from the second calf was used as the source of T. buffeli antigen for an indirect immunofluorescence antibody test. Theilerial isolates from a Missouri white-tailed deer were also sequenced and resembled Theileria sp. types F and G and were not consistent with the bovine organism.

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“…The taxonomic status of Theileria has been the subject of considerable controversy for many years (Uilenberg 1981;Irvin and Morrison 1987;Stewart et al 1996). The classical identification of Theileria is based on morphology, host specificity, transmission mode, the vector and epidemiological data.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogenetic analysis of Theileria species transmitted by Haemaphysalis qinghaiensis

Yin

Luo

Schnittger

et al. 2004

Parasitology Research

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The phylogenetic relationships between six isolates of Theileria spp. infective to small ruminants, and two isolates of Theileria spp. infective to yak, all transmitted by Haemaphysalis qinghaiensis, together with the Theileria orientalis/sergenti/buffeli group and T. sinensis, were analyzed using the 18S ssrRNA gene sequence. The target DNA segment was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The PCR product was used either for direct sequencing or was ligated to the PCR II vector for sequencing. The length of the 18S ssrRNA gene of all Theileria spp. involved in this study was around 1,740 bp. Two phylogenetic trees were inferred based on the 18S ssrRNA gene sequence of the Chinese isolates only, and Chinese isolates and other species of Theileria available in GenBank. In the first tree, the Theileria sp. infective to yaks was found to be T. sinensis. The Theileria sp. infective to small ruminants was found to be composed of two separate species of Theileria. Theileria sp. from Qinghai, Madang, Ningxian and Lintan, which was identical to the unidentified Theileria sp. described previously, is designated Theileria sp (China 1). The Theileria sp. from Longde, Zhangjiachuan and Lintan, which has not been described previously, is designated Theileria sp. (China 2) in order to avoid confusion. In the second tree, Theileria sp. (China 1) was closely related to benign Theileria, such as T. buffeli and T. sergenti, while Theileria sp. (China 2) was separated from other Theileria spp. The results indicate that H. qinghaiensis transmit at least three species of Theileria, two which are infective to sheep and goats, but not yak and one which is infective to yaks and cattle, but not to sheep and goats.

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Review of australian species ofTheileria, with special reference toTheileria Buffeli of cattle

Cited by 44 publications

References 46 publications

Semiquantitative Multiplexed Tandem PCR for Detection and Differentiation of Four Theileria orientalis Genotypes in Cattle

Semiquantitative Multiplexed Tandem PCR for Detection and Differentiation of Four Theileria orientalis Genotypes in Cattle

Theileriosis in a Missouri Beef Herd Caused by Theileria buffeli

Phylogenetic analysis of Theileria species transmitted by Haemaphysalis qinghaiensis

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