Review of Adaptive Shock Control Systems

Künnecke, Sven Christian; Vasista, Srinivas; Riemenschneider, Johannes; Keimer, Ralf; Kintscher, Markus

doi:10.3390/app11020817

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 82 publications

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“…In order to train shape memory alloys with suitable properties, Qiu et al [ 82 ] proposed a thermomechanical training program and designed a complete device for training two-way memory effects. Compared with traditional spoiler actuators or pressurized elements, shape memory alloy actuators have the advantages of small size and high controllability [ 83 ]. Balzarek et al [ 84 ] attempted to integrate SMA actuators into the helicopter’s wings to form an elastic skin for better hover flight capabilities.…”

Section: Shape Memory Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and Prospect of Smart Materials and Structures for Aerospace Sensing Systems and Applications

Wang

Xiang

et al. 2023

Sensors

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The rapid development of the aviation industry has put forward higher and higher requirements for material properties, and the research on smart material structure has also received widespread attention. Smart materials (e.g., piezoelectric materials, shape memory materials, and giant magnetostrictive materials) have unique physical properties and excellent integration properties, and they perform well as sensors or actuators in the aviation industry, providing a solid material foundation for various intelligent applications in the aviation industry. As a popular smart material, piezoelectric materials have a large number of application research in structural health monitoring, energy harvest, vibration and noise control, damage control, and other fields. As a unique material with deformation ability, shape memory materials have their own outstanding performance in the field of shape control, low-shock release, vibration control, and impact absorption. At the same time, as a material to assist other structures, it also has important applications in the fields of sealing connection and structural self-healing. Giant magnetostrictive material is a representative advanced material, which has unique application advantages in guided wave monitoring, vibration control, energy harvest, and other directions. In addition, giant magnetostrictive materials themselves have high-resolution output, and there are many studies in the direction of high-precision actuators. Some smart materials are summarized and discussed in the above application directions, aiming at providing a reference for the initial development of follow-up related research.

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Section: Shape Memory Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and Prospect of Smart Materials and Structures for Aerospace Sensing Systems and Applications

Wang

Xiang

et al. 2023

Sensors

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“…A review of adaptive shock control systems and concepts can be found in [9]. A major challenge of morphing aircraft components is to implement a functionality that for example optimizes a shape in terms of aerodynamic behavior, and simultaneously to not increase the complexity of the overall system or its weight too much.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concept of a Morphing Shock Control Bump Spoiler With Two Actuators

Künnecke,

Schäfer,

Goerttler

et al. 2023

10th ECCOMAS Thematic Conference on Smart Structures and Materials

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The overall goal of reducing greenhouse gas emissions in commercial aviation can be approached in many ways. One of them is the reduction in fuel consumption by reducing aerodynamic drag. Morphing can be used to adapt the shape of surfaces to gain aerodynamic benefits such as drag reduction under specific flight conditions. Among other things, drag reduction can be achieved by transonic shock control. In this work, the concept of a morphing spoiler which can form a shock control bump is investigated. This bump is shape adaptive and can shift its crest to different locations on the spoiler as well as retract the bump entirely. While the upstream bump crest position is optimized for drag reduction, and thus performance increase, the downstream position is optimized for delaying the buffet onset. This positionvariable functionality is realized by using a second actuator in addition to the main spoiler actuator. A structural finite element optimization considering aerodynamic loads in form of pressure distributions is performed. The load cases cruise, with and without deployed bumps as well as the airbrake configuration are investigated. The structural concept of the spoiler is described as well as its optimization process that is based on the Nelder-Mead method. For this purpose, the finite element software ANSYS is coupled to MATLAB in which the optimization is controlled. In the end, it is shown that a morphing spoiler with two actuators can form a position variable shock control bump under realistic aerodynamic loads.

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“…The common goal of the diverse range of concepts investigated to date is to adapt the aerodynamic shape of an aerofoil or wing to allow for optimal performance at multiple design points. Many technological concepts for adapting the camber, thickness, planform, twist, wing tips, adaptive bumps, etc., of fixed-wing aircraft may be found in comprehensive reviews of morphing aircraft research by Barbarino et al [1], Concilio et al [2], and Künnecke et al [3]. However, the applications for rotor blades are much more limited.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Manufacturing and Testing of a Variable Chord Extension for Helicopter Rotor Blades

et al. 2022

Self Cite

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Helicopters are still an indispensable addition to aviation in this day and age. They are characterized by their ability to master both forward flight and hover. These characteristics result in a wide range of possible operations. Key for the design of the rotor blades is a blade design that always represents a compromise between the different flight conditions, which enables safe and efficient flight in the various flight conditions. In order to operate the rotor blade even more efficiently in all flight conditions, a new morphing concept, the so-called linear variable chord extension, has been developed. Here, the blade chord length in the root area is changed with the help of an elastic skin to adapt it to the respective flight condition. The simulations performed for this concept showed a promising increase in overall helicopter performance. The fabrication of the resulting demonstrator as well as the tests in the whirl-tower and wind tunnel are presented in this paper. The results of the tests show that the concept of linear variable chord extension has a positive influence and a great potential for hovering flight.

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Review of Adaptive Shock Control Systems

Cited by 11 publications

References 82 publications

Development and Prospect of Smart Materials and Structures for Aerospace Sensing Systems and Applications

Development and Prospect of Smart Materials and Structures for Aerospace Sensing Systems and Applications

Concept of a Morphing Shock Control Bump Spoiler With Two Actuators

Manufacturing and Testing of a Variable Chord Extension for Helicopter Rotor Blades

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