Review—Nanostructured Materials-Based Nanosensors

Abstract

Nanosensors are sensing devices with at least one of their sensing dimensions being up to100 nm. In the field of nanotechnology, nanosensors are instrumental for (a) detecting physical and chemical changes, (b) monitoring biomolecules and biochemical changes in cells, and (c) measuring toxic and polluting materials presented in the industry and environment. Nanosensors can be classified according to their energy source, structure and applications. The nanostructured materials used in manufacturing of nanosensors are such as: nanoscale wires (capability of high detection sensitivity), carbon nanotubes (very high surface area and high electron conductivity), thin films, metal and metal oxides nanoparticles, polymer and biomaterials. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of all classifications of nanosensors, showing the characteristcs and functioning mechanisms among the various categories.

A Review on Biosensors and Recent Development of Nanostructured Materials-Enabled Biosensors

“…Different types of NMs-based biosensors (nanobiosensors) are shown in Figure 11. The basic working principle of nanobiosensors is along the same lines of conventional macro-and micro-counterparts, but they are constructed using nanoscale components for signal or data transformation [123]. Nanobiosensors have an edge over their conventional macro-and micro-counterparts because of their multidisciplinary applications due to dimensionality.…”

Graphene-based field-effect transistor biosensors for the rapid detection and analysis of viruses: A perspective in view of COVID-19

“…For real-time sensing of biomarkers with picomolar (pM) sensitivity, only a few complex sensing systems involving high cost was proposed. Moreover, nanomaterials have been the area of keen interest since their discovery because of their unique and novel properties [10] . Consequently, various kinds (based on their size and shape) of nanomaterials are employed in biosensor for simple, reliable and inexpensive detection of viruses as listed in Table 1 .…”

Inorganic-Diverse Nanostructured Materials for Volatile Organic Compound Sensing

“…Those nanostructured semiconducting materials play a vital role in sustainable applications such as conductivity studies, transistors, solar cells, healthcare diagnostics, sensors, and so forth [ 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 ]. Among them, utilization of semiconducting nanomaterials-based sensing of VOCs/gases seems to be more attractive [ 23 , 24 ]. Therefore, many reviews are available on 1D to 3D inorganic-nanomaterials-based semiconducting gas/VOCs sensors [ 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 ].…”