Review MXenes as a new type of nanomaterial for environmental applications in the photocatalytic degradation of water pollutants

Recent progress in environmental remediation, colloidal behavior and biological effects of MXene: a review

“…Ti in Ti 3 C 2 MXene) has excellent electrical conductivity and an adjustable bandgap largely depending on the chemical properties of its surface or the arrangement of surface groups relative to M atoms. 70 According to the first principles simulations, O-terminated MXene nanosheets are promising electrode materials for Na, K, Mg, Ca, and Al storage. 65 Due to its excellent electrical conductivity, MXene can be an excellent electron trap and can easily capture photo-generated electrons, accelerating the transfer and separation of photo-excited charge carriers.…”

2D single- and few-layered MXenes: synthesis, applications and perspectives

“…13,32,33 More importantly, the attractive properties of ultrathin MXene render it auspicious for large-scale properties, such as energy conversion and storage, 34–39 sensors, 40–43 optical devices, 44–46 and electromagnetic and environmental applications. 47–51 With the rapid comprehensive research on ultrathin MXene materials, a growing interest of researchers is a focus on single- and few-layered MXene (SFL-MXene) rather than multilayered MXene materials to avoid the restacking of nanosheets to obtain superior performance and active sites. In comparison with bulk materials or traditional electronic materials, SFL-MXene may be likely to essentially withstand other forces like mechanical strain, making it possible to adjust its superior physicochemical properties.…”

Surface Functionalized MXenes for Wastewater Treatment—A Comprehensive Review

“…[31] In another review, Rasool presented the synthesis and application of MXenes for application as adsorbents, desalination membranes, electrodes for electrochemical deionization, and as antibacterial agents for water purification and other environmental applications. [32] Al-Hamadani focused on MXene-based membranes and the effect of several factors on liquid separation during membrane filtration, [14] Zhang presented an interesting minireview on the adsorptive remediation of environmental pollutants using MXenes, [33] Jeon explored the various effects of water qualities on the adsorptive properties of MXene-based adsorbents, [34] Ihsanullah emphasized the adsorption-reduction properties of MXenes and MXene-based materials in water treatment applications, [35] and also critically reviewed the synthesis and application of MXenes in desalination, [18] Ibrahim reviewed the synthesis, characterization techniques, advantages and drawbacks of MXene-based materials for adsorption of toxic metals, [36] Kumar comprehensively reviewed the structural patterns, synthesis, properties and application of MXenes for the removal of pollutants like radionuclides and dyes from water, as well as the mechanism of pollutant removal, [37] Khatami takes an environmental perspective and analyses the environmental risks associated with the deployment MXenes and MXene-based materials in wastewater treatment, [38] Zhong reviewed the various environmental photocatalytic applications of MXene and MXene-based materials focusing especially on the synthesis techniques, [39] Feng surveyed the photocatalytic applications of MXene and MXenebased materials in degrading pollutants in water, discussed the surface properties, and improvement in performances realized by introducing heterojunctions and Schottky junctions, [40] Huang presented a review on surface modified MXenes and their biomedical application, [41] Zhan reviews the synthesis, properties and application of MXene and MXene-based composites in various environmental-related applications, [42] Yu gives a review on the synthesis and properties, and removal mechanism of pollutants and the related toxicity of MXenes and MXene-based materials in water treatment, [43] Javaid reviews MXene-based hybrid materials with special focus on their photocatalytic application in the elimination of pharmaceuticals from wastewater, [44] Sun et al critically reviewed and summarized the synthesis and properties of MXenes to demonstrate the key roles in ameliorating their adsorption performance as shown in the removal of gases, organics, heavy metals, and radionuclides. [45] In more recent publications, Kwon gives a general review on the synthesis, surface chemistry, interlayer tuning, membrane fabrication, and application of MXene-based materials for water purification, Dixit presents a state-of-the-art review on...…”