Review: Laser-Ablation Propulsion

Phipps, Claude; Birkan, Mitat; Bohn, Willy L.; Eckel, Hans‐Albert; Horisawa, Hideyuki; Lippert, Thomas; Michaelis, M.M.; Rezunkov, Yu. A.; Sasoh, Akihiro; Schall, Wolfgang O.; Scharring, Stefan; Sinko, John E.

doi:10.2514/1.43733

Cited by 256 publications

(110 citation statements)

References 97 publications

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“…The maximum fluence of the laser pulse coming out of the fiber tip is 140 J∕cm 2 , which is about the same as the surface damage threshold for the microspheres' material BK7 [2]. We believe that the most probable explanation of the observed mass-dominated propulsion is the ignition of plasma near or on the surface of the microsphere [3]. Following the breakdown, a rapid expansion of plasma sandwiched between the fiber tip and the microsphere delivers the required momentum to the latter.…”

mentioning

confidence: 92%

Observation of microsphere movement driven by optical pulse: comment

Požar

Možina

2012

Opt. Lett.

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We show that fiber-delivered, pulsed laser propulsion of glass microspheres, as observed in a recent Letter [Opt. Lett. 36, 1996 (2011).], due to only radiation pressure cannot explain the measured maximum velocity of microspheres. Our considerations, based on the reported results, indicate that the main momentum transfer mechanism is due to mass recoil that very likely follows a dielectric breakdown near or on the surface of the microsphere.

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mentioning

confidence: 92%

Observation of microsphere movement driven by optical pulse: comment

Požar

Možina

2012

Opt. Lett.

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“…However, the results of these studies have shown that the spatial lim itation of the evaporation zone or the increase of the viscosity of the fluid enhance the efficiency of laser ablation only within one and a half orders of magni tude, while the absolute values of these parameters remain small compared to solid state media [7]. For example, with decreasing thickness of the film (as well as with increasing viscosity of the fluid), the mass average velocity of the ablation products increases somewhat, but still remains within ~30-80 m/s (for laser ablation of solids, this parameter is one and a half to three orders of magnitude greater [3,15]). Although the momentum coupling coefficient for laser ablation of liquids is relatively high, C m ~ (0.2÷1) × 10 -2 N s J -1 (for solids, this quantity is two orders of magnitude smaller [7,16]), the effectiveness of laser energy con version into the kinetic energy of the ablation jet, η ≈ C m 〈v〉/2, is low, (1-20) × 10 -4 (for solids, this value is two orders of magnitude higher [17]).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The intense evaporation of liquids is accompanied by the formation of droplets, with part of the kinetic energy of the ablative flow and shock waves being dissipated in the bulk of the liquid [2]. On the other hand, the injec tion of a liquid working medium into the laser impact zone in power propulsion units and technological facilities is advantageous [3] for transportation, fine dosing, and introduction of various additives [4,5]. Thus, the curing of PPC immediately before laser irra diation enables to combine the advantages inherent to these states of aggregation at different stages of the process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Generation of gas-plasma flows by laser ablation of photopolymerizable compositions

Loktionov

Protasov

2015

Russ. J. Phys. Chem. B

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The results of studying the effectiveness of using photopolymerizable compositions (PPC) in var ious purpose laser plasma facilities with regard to the transportation and fine dosing of the working medium, as well as providing a long service life and reliability, are presented. The characteristics of the pulsed and con tinuous laser radiation curing of PPC and mixtures thereof are discussed in terms of the spectral energetic characteristics of the incident radiation. The thresholds of nanosecond laser ablation in the UV and near IR regions, specific ejected mass, momentum coupling coefficient, and efficiency of conversion of laser radia tion energy into the kinetic energy of the laser induced gas plasma ablation jet for PPC in the liquid and solid states. The highest efficiency of generation of the gas plasma ablation jet was achieved for the laser irradiation of initially liquid PPC at a wavelength of 355 nm, a wavelength optimal for the photopolymerization of PPC.

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“…Because the direction of the thrust in a torsion-type thrust stand is vertical to Earth's gravitational acceleration, measurements of impulse bits produced by a thruster can be independent of the thruster mass. Because of its high sensitivity, the statically calibrated torsional pendulum was constructed by Phipps et al 14 to test the nN s-class impulse bits produced by a laser ablation microthruster. The pendulum in the early work of Phipps et al 14 could be separated into a torsional thread (fused silica fiber, diameter: 78 μm), fiber vise, bushing, and an oil cup.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because of its high sensitivity, the statically calibrated torsional pendulum was constructed by Phipps et al 14 to test the nN s-class impulse bits produced by a laser ablation microthruster. The pendulum in the early work of Phipps et al 14 could be separated into a torsional thread (fused silica fiber, diameter: 78 μm), fiber vise, bushing, and an oil cup. The motion of pendulum was recorded by video camera and was calibrated using a gravitational method.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High precision micro-impulse measurements for micro-thrusters based on torsional pendulum and sympathetic resonance techniques

Zhang

et al. 2013

Review of Scientific Instruments

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A sympathetic resonance theory is analyzed and applied in a newly developed torsional pendulum to measure the micro-impulse produced by a μN s-class ablative pulsed plasma thruster. According to theoretical analysis on the dynamical behaviors of a torsional pendulum, the resonance amplification effect of micro-signals is presented. In addition, a new micro-impulse measurement method based on sympathetic resonance theory is proposed as an improvement of the original single pulse measurement method. In contrast with the single pulse measurement method, the advantages of sympathetic resonance method are significant. First, because of the magnification of vibration signals due to resonance processes, measurement precision for the sympathetic resonance method becomes higher especially in reducing reading error. With an increase in peak number, the relative errors induced by readout of voltage signals decrease to approximately ±1.9% for the sympathetic resonance mode, whereas the relative error in single pulse mode is estimated as ±13.4%. Besides, by using the resonance amplification effect the sympathetic resonance method makes it possible to measure an extremely low-impulse beyond the resolution of a thrust stand without redesigning or purchasing a new one. Moreover, because of the simple operational principle and structure the sympathetic resonance method is much more convenient and inexpensive to be implemented than other high-precision methods. Finally, the sympathetic resonance measurement method can also be applied in other thrust stands to improve further the ability to measure the low-impulse bits.

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Review: Laser-Ablation Propulsion

Cited by 256 publications

References 97 publications

Observation of microsphere movement driven by optical pulse: comment

Observation of microsphere movement driven by optical pulse: comment

Generation of gas-plasma flows by laser ablation of photopolymerizable compositions

High precision micro-impulse measurements for micro-thrusters based on torsional pendulum and sympathetic resonance techniques

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