Review: Environmental chemistry: An overview

Abstract

Environmental Chemistry describes the world around us — a dynamic world of chemicals which become distributed between earth, water, atmosphere, and biota and transformed by natural reagents. The subject is far from new; until the age of synthetics, chemistry itself was based predominantly on the natural environment. Its present renaissance has been stimulated largely by the promise of assessment and control of toxic hazards and pollution, but the predictability, novel chemistry, and wide applications already apparent may prove at least as important. Just as synthetic chemistry revolutionized the lives of recent generations, environmental chemistry can provide a better future for all Earth's inhabitants.

Editorial: Molecular modelling in soil research

“…Fluxes are strongly retarded by soil (Ockenden et al , 2003). This fits with the modelling result that more than 90% of the strongly sorbing, persistent organic pollutants accumulate in the soil environment (Crosby, 1982; McKone & MacLeod, 2003). The sediments, the atmosphere and, in particular, the hydrosphere, which are widely assumed to be the most important pollution receptors, share only a relatively minor pollution load.…”

Method Development and Fate Determination of Pesticide-Treated Hops and Their Subsequent Usage in the Production of Beer

“…Therefore, the losses may be attributed to biotic metabolism by the yeast and/or abiotic degradation from the relatively reductive (anaerobic) environment created by fer- mentation (20,21). Yet another route could be explained by Henry's Law, which suggests that a low volatility and/or low water solubility compound may escape to the atmosphere (22,23). This process would be greatly facilitated by constant evolution of CO 2 from the fermenting yeast, which would mimic the bubbling of air or nitrogen through a solution to determine the Henry's Law value for a given compound.…”

New Perspectives in Biosensors Technology and Applications

“…Dermatological disorders including discoloration of the skin (Deichmann & Keplinger, 1962;reviewed by Bruce et al, 1987). Different derivatives have different toxicities (with the toxicity being related to acidity and persistence being related to degree of solubility in fats and lipids), with nitrophenol being the most toxic followed by chlorophenols which in turn are more toxic than phenol alone, however, chlorophenols are more difficult to biodegrade, therefore pose more of a problem than phenol in terms of toxicity and persistence (reviewed by Crosby, 1982;Folke, 1985).…”