Review—Clay Mineral Materials for Electrochemical Capacitance Application

Abstract

Electrochemical capacitors, also called supercapacitors (SCs), play an important role in the field of electrochemical energy storage and have great potential to become the most advanced power supply for portable electronic devices and electric vehicles. The performance of SCs depends mainly on the properties of the electrode material, and many novel electrode materials have been explored. Clay mineral materials, including montmorillonite, halloysite, and attapulgite, are potential electrode materials due to their layered structure, high specific surface area, natural abundance, low cost, and environmentally friendly nature. However, most of them suffer from low electronic conductivity, which limits their application as high-performance electrodes for SCs. Many efforts have been made to resolve this issue. Here, we summarize a series of clay mineral based electrode materials for SCs. To better develop clay minerals to produce green and pollution-free electrode materials, the structures and properties of minerals are also introduced. In addition, the challenges and prospects of clay mineral materials are also blueprinted.

Decoration of green synthesized S, N-GQDs and CoFe2O4 on halloysite nanoclay as natural substrate for electrochemical hydrogen storage application

“…Scientists have drawn consideration to hydrogen as an encouraging future fuel because of its substantial features. These features are, containing plenty in the world, an undefiled energy source, and the lightest fuel 20 , 21 .…”

Preparation and Characterization of Physically Activated Carbon and Its Energetic Application for All-Solid-State Supercapacitors: A Case Study

“…Though the SSA of the C-850 electrode is not that much excellent when compared to other activated carbons, it still shows a specific capacitance of 138.12 F g –1 . Some electrode materials achieved high capacitance even with a smaller SSA because in their case, the total available pores are utilized by the ions. , Moreover, some of the activated carbons hold a large SSA but own small pore sizes (micropores) and offer less electrochemical performance when compared with the activated carbon possessing smaller SSA but with a larger pore shape such as the meso- and macropores along with the micropores . The galvanostatic charge–discharge (GCD) test was conducted for the C-850-based all-solid-state SCs.…”

Nanoflower Architecture NiGa2O4 with a Spinel Structure Modified by 2D Layered RGO for Enhanced Li-Ion Battery Anode Performance

“…For further research, the dynamic process of the prepared materials and the capacitance contribution rates of pure and composite materials are calculated. 42 The contribution of capacitance capacity at a fixed potential can be deduced from formula 2. 43…”

“…However, the b value of NiGa 2 O 4 /RGO is closer to 1, indicating that the surface control capacitance behavior of NiGa 2 O 4 /RGO composites accounts for more and its energy storage process is faster. For further research, the dynamic process of the prepared materials and the capacitance contribution rates of pure and composite materials are calculated . The contribution of capacitance capacity at a fixed potential can be deduced from formula …”