Review article: Is obesity an inflammatory illness? Role of low‐grade inflammation and macrophage infiltration in human white adipose tissue

Cancello, Raffaella; Clément, Karine

doi:10.1111/j.1471-0528.2006.01004.x

Cited by 378 publications

(317 citation statements)

References 60 publications

(90 reference statements)

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“…Similarly, altered adipose tissue biology can change inter-organ cross-talk mechanisms through alterations in its metabolic and/or endocrine function. For example, a recent study demonstrated that the degree of macrophage infiltration into omental fat of obese patients correlated with histopathological findings in liver biopsies [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improved glucose tolerance in mice receiving intraperitoneal transplantation of normal fat tissue

2007

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Aims/hypothesis The association between increased (visceral) fat mass, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus is well known. Yet, it is unclear whether the mere increase in intra-abdominal fat mass, or rather functional alterations in fat tissue in obesity contribute to the development of insulin resistance in obese patients. Here we attempted to isolate the metabolic effect of increased fat mass by fat tissue transplantation. Methods Epididymal fat pads were removed from male C57Bl6/J mice and transplanted intraperitoneally into male littermates (recipients), increasing the combined perigonadal fat mass by 50% ( p<0.005). At 4 and 8 weeks post-transplantation, glucose and insulin tolerance tests were performed, and insulin, NEFA and adipokines measured. Results Circulating levels of NEFA, adiponectin and leptin were not significantly different between transplanted and sham-operated control mice, while results of the postprandial insulin tolerance test were similar between the two groups. In contrast, under fasting conditions, the mere increase in intra-abdominal fat mass resulted in decreased plasma glucose levels (6.9 ± 0.4 vs 8.1 ± 0.3 mmol/l, p=0.03) and a ∼20% lower AUC in the glucose tolerance test ( p=0.02) in transplanted mice. Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was 4.1±0.4 in transplanted mice (vs 6.2±0.7 in sham-operated controls) ( p=0.02), suggesting improved insulin sensitivity. Linear regression modelling revealed that while total body weight positively correlated, as expected, with HOMA-IR (β: 0.728, p=0.006), higher transplanted fat mass correlated with lower HOMA-IR (β: −0.505, p=0.031). Conclusions/interpretation Increasing intra-abdominal fat mass by transplantation of fat from normal mice improved, rather than impaired, fasting glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity, achieving an effect opposite to the expected metabolic consequence of increased visceral fat in obesity.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improved glucose tolerance in mice receiving intraperitoneal transplantation of normal fat tissue

2007

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“…Hypertrophic adipocytes isolated from human subjects have been found to have altered gene expression (117) leading to increased secretion of pro-inflammatory factors and altered adipokine secretion (118)(119)(120) . Anti-obesity research has investigated the ability of nutraceuticals to promote adipocyte apoptosis and inhibit adipocyte differentiation, thereby reducing AT accumulation.…”

Section: Adipocyte Hypertrophymentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogenic obesity and nutraceuticals

2011

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Over a decade of intense research in the field of obesity has led to the knowledge that chronic, excessive adipose tissue expansion leads to an increase in the risk for CVD, type 2 diabetes mellitus and cancer. This is primarily thought to stem from the low-grade, systemic inflammatory response syndrome that characterises adipose tissue in obesity, and this itself is thought to arise from the complex interplay of factors including metabolic endotoxaemia, increased plasma NEFA, hypertrophic adipocytes and localised hypoxia. Plasma concentrations of vitamins and antioxidants are lower in obese individuals than in the non-obese, which is hypothesised to negatively affect the development of inflammation and disease in obesity. This paper provides a review of the current literature investigating the potential of nutraceuticals to ameliorate the development of oxidative stress and inflammation in obesity, thereby limiting the onset of obesity complications. Research has found nutraceuticals able to positively modulate the activity of adipocyte cell lines and further positive effects have been found in other aspects of pathogenic obesity. While their ability to affect weight loss is still controversial, it is clear that they have a great potential to reverse the development of overweight and obesity-related comorbidities; this, however, still requires much research especially that utilising well-structured randomised controlled trials.

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“…Excess fat in adipose tissue will increase oxidation process. Oxidation in adipose tissue inhibits cell oxygenation that leads to molecular inflammation in the tissue, which activating macrophages and vascular endothelial cells leading to cellular inflammation [4]. Increasing the amount of fat will increase the oxidation process, which leads to oxygen dysfunction and resulting more inflammation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Supplementation of Vitamin E 400 Iu Decreases Malondialdehyde Level of Obese Women Staff at School of Medicine Udayana University

Sundari

Adiputra

Dinata

2017

Asian J Pharm Clin Res

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Objective: Increasing of adipose tissue in obesity make an inflammation cellular due to stress oxidative. Malondialdehyde (MDA) is produced by that cellular reaction and used as indicator peroxidation lipid reaction in many tissues. Vitamin E will inhibit lipid peroxidation reaction. This study is about the effectiveness of vitamin E to decrease the MDA level in obesity women. Methods:The pre-and post-test control group design study was conducted on 24 female obese women. Subjects were divided into two groups randomly with 12 women each group. Control group was given placebo capsules, and the experimental group was given vitamin E capsules 400 IU for 30 days. MDA level was measured before and after treatment, analyzed by independent t-test and the p<0.05 was considered significant. Results:The decreasing of MDA level of the control group was 1.601±0.313 µmol/ml, and experimental group was 2.161±0.471 µmol/ml. From post-test result comparison, the experimental group shows a significant decrease (p<0.05) of MDA level. Conclusion:Vitamin E supplementation can decrease MDA level in obese women staff at School of Medicine Udayana University.

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Review article: Is obesity an inflammatory illness? Role of low‐grade inflammation and macrophage infiltration in human white adipose tissue

Cited by 378 publications

References 60 publications

Improved glucose tolerance in mice receiving intraperitoneal transplantation of normal fat tissue

Improved glucose tolerance in mice receiving intraperitoneal transplantation of normal fat tissue

Pathogenic obesity and nutraceuticals

Supplementation of Vitamin E 400 Iu Decreases Malondialdehyde Level of Obese Women Staff at School of Medicine Udayana University

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