Review and Critical Analysis of Available In Vitro Dissolution Tests

Abstract

The procedures recommended in Publications 30 and 66 by ICRP for calculating radiation doses from inhaled or ingested radionuclides include classification of material on the basis of different parameters, among which transportability plays a major role, The allocation of transportable Classes or absorption Types should, whenever possible, be based on animal or human data. However, when such in vivo data are unavailable, it becomes appropriate to consider the use of other approaches, among which in vitro dissolution techniques are reasonable alternatives. This paper reviews and critically analyzes in vitro dissolution techniques that have been described historically and recommends methods shown to be useful in estimating the in vivo solubility of radioactive particles.

In Vitro Dissolution Tests of Plutonium and Americium Containing Contamination Originating From ZPPR Fuel Plates

“…The ICRP consistently recommends that, when possible, material specific absorption parameter values be used that are determined from in vivo data. However, since in vivo data is difficult to come by, material-specific in vitro experimental data can and should be used 2 . In general, the results for this model express the undissolved fraction in the lungs as…”

“…8,9 In 1999, Ansoborlo et.al. 2 reviewed in vitro dissolution methods and recommended two simultaneous tests with two different solvents. The recommended solvents were the serum ultra filtrate fluid (SUF) and a culture medium such as 199 Gibco.…”

“…This latter fluid is a rather complex growth medium that is not representative of lung fluid. Therefore, for lung fluid simulants, serum ultra filtrate (SUF) 2,8,10 , simulated lung fluid (SLF) 2, 7 or Gambles's solution 2,4,6 are most common (see Table 2). Gamble's solution and SLF are relatively simple solutions with a pH 7.2-7.4 and can be assumed to mimic biological fluids after removal of large protein molecules.…”

Use of simulated epithelial lung fluid in assessing the human health risk of Pb in urban street dust

“…The simulated fluids originally used to assess pollutant bioaccessibility, via the inhalation route, has been referred to as Gamble's solution (Diem and Lenter, 1970;Moss, 1979;Anosborlo et al, 1999). The absence of an accepted standard in vitro method for assessing the bioaccessibility of pollutants particularly PHEs in the human lung has resulted in the development of different inhalation bioaccessibility methods (for example, Wragg and Klinck, 2007;Caboche et al, 2011;Boisa et al, 2014).…”

Elements and Their Compounds in Indoor Environments

“…Absorption of metals in humans is influenced by a variety of factors including the exposure pathway, the chemical form of the metal, the matrix composition, the age of the host, contents of the gastrointestinal tract, temporal pattern of meal consumption, diet, and nutritional status (Diamond et al, 1998;Fishbein, 1991). Recent reviews indicate that no single in vitro test has emerged as the acceptable choice for estimating metal absorption in either the gastrointestinal tract (Diamond et al, 1998;Mushak, 1998;Canady et al, 1997;Ruby et al, 1999) or the respiratory system (Ansoborlo et al, 1999). Appropriate animal models, combined with detailed knowledge of the sample mineralogy and chemical speciation, are generally recommended for reliable estimates of metal bioavailability in a given matrix (Mushak, 1998).…”