Review: Advanced Atomic Force Microscopy Modes for Biomedical Research

Xia, Fangzhou

doi:10.3390/bios12121116

Cited by 35 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 139 publications

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“…These approaches use a variety of probes and modes of operation to detect, for example, physical, chemical, and biological interactions locally. 26 AFM relies on measuring forces between a small tip (typically a few nanometers in size) and the sample surface, and subsequently, its transformation into an image that reveals the three-dimensional topographic characteristics of the surface from which mechanical, electrical, and magnetic properties can be obtained. 27 Probes are usually made of silicon, silicon dioxide, or silicon nitride, which are produced using nanofabrication processes.…”

Section: Atomic Force Microscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Soft biological samples would be subject to high loading forces, so this approach is inappropriate for them. 26 Feedback changes the height z to maintain a constant deflection and loading force to image soft samples. This mode is known as continuous deflection mode or constant force mode.…”

Section: Atomic Force Microscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, the excellent signal-to-noise ratio at nanometric resolution led to the development of several approaches related to AFM, also allowing the study of samples in different environments. These approaches use a variety of probes and modes of operation to detect, for example, physical, chemical, and biological interactions locally …”

Section: Atomic Force Microscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The cantilever oscillates close to the sample surface in noncontact mode, and the resonance frequency is slightly less than the oscillation frequency. Soft biological samples would be subject to high loading forces, so this approach is inappropriate for them . Feedback changes the height z to maintain a constant deflection and loading force to image soft samples.…”

Section: Atomic Force Microscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Atomic Force Microscopy Applied to the Study of Tauopathies

do Nascimento Amorim,

Silva França,

Santos-Oliveira

et al. 2024

ACS Chem. Neurosci.

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Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is a scanning probe microscopy technique which has a physical principle, the measurement of interatomic forces between a very thin tip and the surface of a sample, allowing the obtaining of quantitative data at the nanoscale, contributing to the surface study and mechanical characterization. Due to its great versatility, AFM has been used to investigate the structural and nanomechanical properties of several inorganic and biological materials, including neurons affected by tauopathies. Tauopathies are neurodegenerative diseases featured by aggregation of phosphorylated tau protein inside neurons, leading to functional loss and progressive neurotoxicity. In the broad universe of neurodegenerative diseases, tauopathies comprise the most prevalent, with Alzheimer's disease as its main representative. This review highlights the use of AFM as a suitable research technique for the study of cellular damages in tauopathies, even in early stages, allowing elucidation of pathogenic mechanisms of these diseases.

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Section: Atomic Force Microscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Atomic Force Microscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Atomic Force Microscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Atomic Force Microscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Atomic Force Microscopy Applied to the Study of Tauopathies

do Nascimento Amorim,

Silva França,

Santos-Oliveira

et al. 2024

ACS Chem. Neurosci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This type of microscopy is based on determining the force between a small tip and the area of interest whose roughness parameters are to be established using a cantilever with a sharp tip at the end, and the force acting on the tip after interaction with the area of interest causes the cantilever to bend. By determining the deformation of the cantilever, it is possible to establish the force that occurs at the interaction between the peak and the evaluated area, and by writing down and processing these small deflections of the cantilever, surface topographies can be made by means of the atomic force microscope [2,54,55]. The aim of the research is to determine the zonal-local condition of surfaces through microtopography and the nano-roughness of dentures and assess how technology and the post-processing stage influence these aspects at a miniaturized scale.…”

Section: Surface Characteristics Measurement Of Dental Prosthesesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical and Surface Characteristics of Selective Laser Melting-Manufactured Dental Prostheses in Different Processing Stages

Moraru,

Stoica,

Donțu

et al. 2023

Materials

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Due to the expansion of the use of powder bed fusion metal additive technologies in the medical field, especially for the realization of dental prostheses, in this paper, the authors propose a comparative experimental study of the mechanical characteristics and the state of their microscale surfaces. The comparison was made from material considerations starting from two dental alloys commonly used to realize dental prostheses: Ni-Cr and Co-Cr, but also technologies for obtaining selective laser melting (SLM) and conventional casting. In addition, to compare the performances with the classical casting technology, for the dental prostheses obtained through SLM, the post-processing stage in which they are in a preliminary finishing and polished state was considered. Therefore, for the determination of important mechanical characteristics and the comparative study of dental prostheses, the indentation test was used, after which the hardness, penetration depths (maximum, permanent, and contact depth), contact stiffness, and contact surface were established, and for the determination of the microtopography of the surfaces, atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used, obtaining the local areal roughness parameters at the miniaturized scale—surface average roughness, root-mean-square roughness (RMS), and peak-to-peak values. Following the research carried out, several interesting conclusions were drawn, and the superiority of the SLM technology over the classic casting method for the production of dental prostheses in terms of some mechanical properties was highlighted. At the same time, the degree of finishing of dental prostheses made by SLM has a significant impact on the mechanical characteristics and especially the local roughness parameters on a miniaturized scale, and if we consider the same degree of finishing, no major differences are observed in the roughness parameters of the surfaces of the prostheses produced by different technologies.

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Engineering the Physical Microenvironment into Neural Organoids for Neurogenesis and Neurodevelopment

Li,

Sun,

Hou

et al. 2023

Small

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Understanding the signals from the physical microenvironment is critical for deciphering the processes of neurogenesis and neurodevelopment. The discovery of how surrounding physical signals shape human developing neurons is hindered by the bottleneck of conventional cell culture and animal models. Notwithstanding neural organoids provide a promising platform for recapitulating human neurogenesis and neurodevelopment, building neuronal physical microenvironment that accurately mimics the native neurophysical features is largely ignored in current organoid technologies. Here, it is discussed how the physical microenvironment modulates critical events during the periods of neurogenesis and neurodevelopment, such as neural stem cell fates, neural tube closure, neuronal migration, axonal guidance, optic cup formation, and cortical folding. Although animal models are widely used to investigate the impacts of physical factors on neurodevelopment and neuropathy, the important roles of human stem cell‐derived neural organoids in this field are particularly highlighted. Considering the great promise of human organoids, building neural organoid microenvironments with mechanical forces, electrophysiological microsystems, and light manipulation will help to fully understand the physical cues in neurodevelopmental processes. Neural organoids combined with cutting‐edge techniques, such as advanced atomic force microscopes, microrobots, and structural color biomaterials might promote the development of neural organoid‐based research and neuroscience.

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Review: Advanced Atomic Force Microscopy Modes for Biomedical Research

Cited by 35 publications

References 139 publications

Atomic Force Microscopy Applied to the Study of Tauopathies

Atomic Force Microscopy Applied to the Study of Tauopathies

Mechanical and Surface Characteristics of Selective Laser Melting-Manufactured Dental Prostheses in Different Processing Stages

Engineering the Physical Microenvironment into Neural Organoids for Neurogenesis and Neurodevelopment

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