Reversible metal ionic catalysts for high-voltage aqueous hybrid zinc-manganese redox flow batteries

Controllable Carbon Felt Etching by Binary Nickel Bismuth Cluster for Vanadium–Manganese Redox Flow Batteries

“…In Figure S3, the cell alternating current (AC) areaspecific resistance (ASR) of the CEM (34.9 Ω cm 2 ) was slightly lower than that of the AEM (46.1 Ω cm 2 ) because the ionic diffusion coefficient of sulfuric acid in the AEM was slower than that in the CEM. 54 As a result, the VE was higher in the CEM. However, the CE and the energy efficiency (EE) of the AEM were relatively higher than those of the CEM because of the alleviated cation crossover (Figure 1e).…”

“…Meanwhile, the average discharge voltage of the AEM (1.63 V) was slightly lower than that of the CEM (1.66 V), which could be explained by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). In Figure S3, the cell alternating current (AC) area-specific resistance (ASR) of the CEM (34.9 Ω cm 2 ) was slightly lower than that of the AEM (46.1 Ω cm 2 ) because the ionic diffusion coefficient of sulfuric acid in the AEM was slower than that in the CEM . As a result, the VE was higher in the CEM.…”

Surpassing water-splitting potential in aqueous redox flow batteries: insights from kinetics and thermodynamics

“…Among these, the extensively studied AQRFB for ESSs are vanadium-based AQRFBs (VRFBs), 38 iron/chromium-based AQRFBs (Fe-Cr RFBs), 39 zinc/bromine-based AQRFBs (Zn-Br RFB), 40 organic AQRFBs (AORFBs), 41 and hybrid AQRFBs (AHRFBs). 42 Each type possesses its advantages and disadvantages, and continuous research is underway to further enhance the functionality, robustness, and economic viability of AQRFB systems.…”

Functional materials for aqueous redox flow batteries: merits and applications

“…The double-membrane triple-electrolyte design is also available for Zn–Mn hybrid RFBs, and a battery with an ultrahigh operating voltage of 2.75 V is obtained, opening a new avenue for the development of high energy density Zn–Mn RFBs. 77…”

“…The double-membrane triple-electrolyte design is also available for Zn-Mn hybrid RFBs, and a battery with an ultrahigh operating voltage of 2.75 V is obtained, opening a new avenue for the development of high energy density Zn-Mn RFBs. 77 The Ni(OH) 2 /NiOOH redox-active couple can serve as an allsolid non-flow catholyte for Zn-Ni RFBs, using a concentrated Zn(OH) 4…”