Reversible fluorescent probes for biological dynamic imaging: Current advances and future prospects

Recent advances in red-emissive carbon dots and their biomedical applications

“…Dynamic imaging of cells provides valuable insights into the details and mechanisms of cellular behavior and has found a wide range of applications in biology, medicine, and bioengineering. 113 CDs, as highly efficient photosensitizers with nanoscale dimensions, can not only enter cells but also label organelles or intracellular substances, delivering excellent cell imaging results. R-CD dynamic imaging uses the unique fluorescence properties of R-CDs to enable real-time monitoring and imaging of cells or tissues in dynamic processes under appropriate conditions.…”

A Sequentially Activated Probe for Imaging of Superoxide Anion and Peroxynitrite in PC12 Cells under Oxidative Stress

“…Given the high reactivity and short lifespan of O 2 ·– and ONOO – , conventional histological and biochemical analysis techniques lack the ability to assess their dynamic changes within cells or in vivo in real-time. Fluorescence imaging offers a crucial tool for the noninvasive investigation of biological processes in cells and transparent organisms due to its superior spatiotemporal resolution, sensitivity, and ability to detect targets in situ and/or in real-time within complex biosystems − While numerous fluorescent probes have been developed for the specific detection of O 2 ·– − or ONOO – , − few have been able to simultaneously visualize both species in vitro and in vivo . Although it is possible to use a single fluorescent probe for O 2 ·– and another for ONOO – simultaneously, data interpretation becomes challenging due to their different uptake, distribution, and metabolism profiles.…”