Reversible Data Hiding in Encrypted Images Based on Block-Wise Multi-Predictor

Abstract

Reversible data hiding of encrypted images (RDHEI) is a technology where after the original image is encrypted with a key, secret data can be embedded in the encrypted image without knowing the information of the original image. In recent years, RDHEI has attracted much attention due to its security and effectiveness, and many RDHEI methods have been proposed. However, the capacity of embedded data is still not high enough. In this paper, a high-capacity RDHEI algorithm based on block-wise multipredictor, and improved Huffman coding is proposed. First, the original image is divided into nonoverlapping blocks. To better exploit the spatial correlation of the original image, 16 prediction models are used to predict the current pixel value from the neighboring pixels. All the pixels in one block use the same prediction model. The improved Huffman encoding is used to compress the prediction error image and the optimal prediction model determined by the sum of the absolute prediction errors, which makes more room for data embedding. The experimental results show that our method is superior to some of the latest algorithms in terms of achieving a higher embedding capacity.

Chaotic Image Encryption: State-of-the-Art, Ecosystem, and Future Roadmap

“…Data hiding refers to the technique of hiding information in an encrypted image without knowledge of the original contents [146]. One common method of Reversible Data Hiding in Encrypted Images (RDHEIs) is Block Permutation and Co-Modulation (BPCM); however, Wang et al [147], through cryptanalysis, determined that the method cannot protect against KPAs.…”

“…Another big challenge with current data hiding methods is capacity limits. A highcapacity alternative utilizing a blockwise multi-predictor and Huffman coding was proposed by Zhang et al [146]. Other capacities improving techniques based on pixel correlation preservation [148] have also been proposed.…”

Reversible Data Hiding in Encrypted Images Based on Hybrid Prediction and Huffman Coding

“…In addition, the researchers also have carried out reversible embedding of dual cover images [17,18]. Since the RDH methods mentioned above all involve plaintext images, which are easily tampered or stolen by an unauthorized user during the transmission process, reversible data hiding in an encrypted image (RDH-EI) [19][20][21] is presented to further improve the security of the image.…”

High-Capacity Imperceptible Data Hiding Using Permutation-Based Embedding Process for IoT Security

“…Depending on the applications' requirements, reversible ones recover the original media, while irreversible ones either do not care about the original media or the stego media has a comparable quality to its originals. Moreover, the data hiding methods can be classified into four categories according to the domains being processed: spatial [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18], transform [19][20][21], compressed [22][23][24], and encryption [8,[25][26][27]. When using spatial domain methods, secret data are embedded into cover images by modifying their pixel values.…”