Reversible Cholestasis and Cholangitis Induced by Biliary Drainage and Infusion in the Rat

Abstract

To develop a rat model of ascending cholangitis, we constructed a controllable and accessible biliary drainage and infusion system. We first modified a reversible cholestasis model of the rat and then induced ascending cholangitis by administration of Escherichia coli into the proximal choledochostomy tube. After biliary infusion of E. coli, the liver, choledochostomy tube and bile were all positive for E. coli, but no bacteria grew in rats receiving biliary infusion of normal saline. Retrograde cholangiography of the initial choledochostomy ensured that the tube end was in the right position in the proximal common bile duct. The patency of the tube-tube choledochocholedochostomy was confirmed by a cholangiogram on day 90. Thirty days after the tube-tube choledochocholedochostomy, the livers of the experimental animals did not differ from the control livers. The tube-tube choledochocholedochostomy model not only provides reproducible, reliable, reversible cholestasis, but creates a sustainable and accessible biliary infusion system. This can be used for long-term investigations of repeated cholangitis and recurrent cholestasis.

A Simple and Easily Reproducible Model of Reversible Obstructive Jaundice in Rats

“…In the current era, when NAC or conversion surgery after effective chemotherapy has been gaining wider acceptance, the basic research for investigating various effects of resolved OS on subsequent chemotherapy and/or surgery is considered very important. Hence, we attempted to acquire previously reported techniques for reversible OJ animal models (16,17,(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29). Our group has reported the results of several studies using various animal hepatectomy and/or liver transplantation models (31)(32)(33)(34)(35)(36)(37)(38)(39)(40); thus, we recognized that our group has sufficient skill to reproduce these models.…”

“…Several reports on rat models of reversible OJ exist (16,17,(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29). The reports emphasized the simplicity of their methods.…”

A simple rat model ofin situreversible obstructive jaundicein situreversible obstructive jaundice model

“…An ideal model for OJ and its reversal should be technically easy, stable during the study period, and associated with low mortality and morbidity rates. There already have been various kinds of methods for inducing and releasing OJ in rats, such as subcutaneously tunneled cannulation technique and tube-to-tube choledochocholedochostomy and choledochoduodenostomy [567]. However, they more or less have their own defects.…”

“…However, they more or less have their own defects. It was reported that tube dislodgement and blockage were common disadvantages of cannulation techniques, and the technical complexity and high mortality and morbidity rates were common disadvantages of diverting techniques [56789]. These defects may limit the use of these models and influence the reliability of experimental results.…”

Drug-Induced Models of Cholestasis and Lysosomes

“…Intrahepatic cholestasis induced by ANIT is a convenient model for studies of hepatocyte injury and compensatory mechanisms in www.intechopen.com spontaneous recovery of liver function. Changes in hepatocyte transport proteins and dysregulation of bile secretion were revealed in mice with experimental cholestasis (Hsien et al, 2006). Cholestasis in mice and rats was observed in the early period after ANIT treatment (4-8 h), reaching maximum 24 and 48 h after ANIT administration.…”