Reversible Addition−Fragmentation Transfer Polymerization of a Novel Monomer Containing Both Aldehyde and Ferrocene Functional Groups

Shi, Mao; Li, Anlong; Liang, Hui; Lu, Jiang

doi:10.1021/ma062577s

Cited by 54 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 34 publications

(51 reference statements)

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“…PPEGMEA‐ g ‐PAEFC 3a , 3b , and 3c graft copolymers all exhibit only a single quasireversible oxidation peak at 0.33 V, 0.36 V, and 0.46 V (versus Ag/Ag + ) as shown in Figure 5, respectively. This fact indicated that all electro‐active ferrocenyl moieties in 3a , 3b , and 3c possessed the same redox potential 27. Besides, the oxidation peak of copolymer shifted anodically, and the oxidation potential E pa of copolymer ascended, whereas the reduction potential E pc descended as the length of PAEFC side chain lowered 78.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…As the first synthesis of ferrocene‐based macromolecule, poly(vinylferrocene), was reported by Arimoto and Haven,17 many approaches have been used to prepare ferrocene‐based polymers including living anionic polymerization,18–20 ring‐opening metathesis polymerization,21–23 click‐chemistry cycloaddition reaction,24 and free radical polymerization 25–28. In comparison with other polymerization methods, free radical polymerization can be conducted in a variety of reaction conditions and is more tolerant to impurities in monomers and reactants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Survival after complete surgical resection of multiple metastases from renal cell carcinoma

Alt

Boorjian

Lohse

et al. 2011

Cancer

364

225

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BACKGROUND: Although a role for resection of solitary metastases from renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has been described, the utility of surgery in patients with multiple sites of disease has been less well defined. The authors report the survival of patients who underwent complete metastasectomy for multiple RCC metastases. METHODS: The authors identified 887 patients who underwent nephrectomy for RCC between 1976 and 2006 who developed multiple metastatic lesions. The impact of complete metastasectomy on survival was evaluated controlling for the timing, location, and number of metastases and for patient performance status. RESULTS: Of 887 patients, 125 (14%) underwent complete surgical resection of all metastases. Complete metastasectomy was associated with a significant prolongation of median cancer-specific survival (CSS) (4.8 years vs 1.3 years; P < .001). Patients who had lung-only metastases had a 5-year CSS rate of 73.6% with complete resection versus 19% without complete resection (P < .001). A survival advantage from complete metastasectomy also was observed among patients with multiple, nonlung-only metastases, who had a 5-year CSS rate of 32.5% with complete resection versus 12.4% without complete resection (P < .001). Complete resection remained predictive of improved CSS for patients who had 3 metastatic lesions (P < .001) and for patients who had synchronous (P < .001) and asynchronous (P ¼ .002) multiple metastases. Moreover, on multivariate analysis, the absence of complete metastasectomy was associated significantly with an increased risk of death from RCC (hazard ratio, 2.91; 95% confidence interval, 2.17-3.90; P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: The current results indicated that complete resection of multiple RCC metastases may be associated with longterm survival and should be considered when technically feasible in appropriate surgical candidates. Cancer 2011;117:2873-

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Survival after complete surgical resection of multiple metastases from renal cell carcinoma

Alt

Boorjian

Lohse

et al. 2011

Cancer

364

225

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Styrene derivatives subjected to RAFT polymerization 348 [100,199] O 349 [138] O N N N 350 [158,309] N VBTAC 351 [159] Cl Ϫ Nϩ 352 [459] HN O 353 [321] O F F F F 354 [313] O F F F F 355 [313] [244] VBTPC 359 [34] Cl Ϫ P ϩ 360 [244] 361 [250] O N O 362 [207] O O O 363 [134] O O O Fe 364 [102] N 365 [102] N Table 23. Vinyl derivatives subjected to RAFT polymerization 366 [380] N 367 [380] N 368 [380] N 369 [390] N O O G. Moad, E. Rizzardo, and S. H. Thang [111,135] 370 [135,146] 375 [136] 376 [195] 377 [150] 378 [410] O O (H 3 C) 3 Si 372 [338,346,347] 373 [201] 374 [459] O [466] NAS 380 [160,299,317,345,347] 381 [178] 382 [222] [149,…”

Section: End-functional Polymers and End-group Transformationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Living Radical Polymerization by the RAFT Process - A Second Update

Moad¹,

Rizzardo²,

Thang³

2009

Aust. J. Chem.

901

720

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This paper provides a second update to the review of reversible deactivation radical polymerization achieved with thiocarbonylthio compounds (ZC(=S)SR) by a mechanism of reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) that was published in June 2005 (Aust. J. Chem. 2005, 58, 379-410). The first update was published in November 2006 (Aust. J. Chem. 2006, 59, 669-692). This review cites over 500 papers that appeared during the period mid-2006 to mid-2009 covering various aspects of RAFT polymerization ranging from reagent synthesis and properties, kinetics and mechanism of polymerization, novel polymer syntheses and a diverse range of applications. Significant developments have occurred, particularly in the areas of novel RAFT agents, techniques for end-group removal and transformation, the production of micro/nanoparticles and modified surfaces, and biopolymer conjugates both for therapeutic and diagnostic applications.

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“…[21][22][23] In addition, such compounds are difficult to store since aldehyde groups are highly reactive and relatively unstable. A more common approach involves the postpolymerization modification of polymers with protecting groups to form aldehydes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

RAFT Synthesis of Acrylic Copolymers Containing Poly(ethylene glycol) and Dioxolane Functional Groups: Toward Well-Defined Aldehyde Containing Copolymers for Bioconjugation

et al. 2008

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Copolymers of poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (PEGMA) and one of two dioxolane-containing monomers, (2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolane)methyl acrylate (DDMA) and (2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolane)methyl acrylamide (DDMAA), were successfully synthesized via reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. RAFT copolymerization was performed in dimethylformamide (DMF) at 70°C for 24 h using 4,4′-azobis(4-cyanovaleric acid) as initiator and N-(sodium ethane sulfonic acid)-2-((thiobenzyl)sulfanyl)proprionamide (CTA 1), 4-cyano-4-((thiobenzoyl)sulfanyl)pentanoic acid (CTA 2), or S,S′-bis(R,R′-dimethyl-R′′-acetic acid)trithiocarbonate (CTA 3) as the chain transfer agent (CTA). Control over molecular weight and composition was achieved by altering the CTA concentration and the monomer feed ratio respectively. The resulting copolymers had narrow molecular weight distributions (polydispersity indices typically between 1.2 and 1.3), while monomer conversions were typically 60%. Kinetic studies revealed that PEGMA was consumed at a higher rate than the comonomers over a given time. The molecular weight of the copolymer increased linearly with conversion, while a low polydispersity was maintained throughout. The copolymerization reactivity ratios were determined using the Mayo-Lewis method. After copolymerization, the dioxolane functional groups were deprotected to form 1,2-diol groups and subsequently oxidized with HIO 4 to form reactive aldehyde groups. Subsequent chemical modification of the dioxolane moieties to aldehyde groups showed no adverse effects in terms of degradation of the copolymer (specifically ester linkages). The advantage of the current synthesis over direct copolymerization of aldehyde-based monomers is the stability of the 1,2-diol moiety compared to the corresponding aldehyde copolymer. The availability of the aldehyde groups along the polymer backbone to form stable conjugates with amine containing molecules was confirmed via a reaction with the iron chelating drug desferrioxamine (DFO). Conjugation was achieved via an aldamine reaction, followed by a reduction of the resulting Schiff base to a secondary amine. Full characterization of the copolymers was performed using NMR spectroscopy and GPC-MALLS, while UV-vis absorption spectroscopy was used to determine the efficiency of DFO conjugation.

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Reversible Addition−Fragmentation Transfer Polymerization of a Novel Monomer Containing Both Aldehyde and Ferrocene Functional Groups

Cited by 54 publications

References 34 publications

Survival after complete surgical resection of multiple metastases from renal cell carcinoma

Survival after complete surgical resection of multiple metastases from renal cell carcinoma

Living Radical Polymerization by the RAFT Process - A Second Update

RAFT Synthesis of Acrylic Copolymers Containing Poly(ethylene glycol) and Dioxolane Functional Groups: Toward Well-Defined Aldehyde Containing Copolymers for Bioconjugation

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