Reversed-pase ion-pair high-performance liquid chromatography of napthazarins

Nickel, Stanley L.; Carroll, Thomas F.

doi:10.1016/s0021-9673(01)87658-5

Cited by 13 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…After evaporation of CHCl 3 under reduced pressure, the residue was subjected to preperative TLC (Si gel CHCl 3 ) to isolate red pigment, which was submitted to CD measurement. Nickel and Carroll (1984) developed an HPLC method for the separation of the A/S compounds after two unsuccessful attempts in which the compounds were retained on the column. The first attempt consisted of the use of normal-phase MicroPak Si-10 column, based on the observation that a successful separation of these compounds was achieved by silica gel 60 TLC utilizing a hexane-ethyl acetate (75:25) solvent system.…”

Section: Roots Of Lithospermum Erythrorhizonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analytical Methods for the Determination of Alkannins and Shikonins

Papageorgiou¹,

Assimopoulou²,

Samanidou³

et al. 2006

COC

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Isohexenylnaphthazarins (IHN), commonly known as Alkannins and Shikonins (A/S), are lipophilic red pigments. They are found in the underground parts, mainly roots, of at least a hundred and fifty species that belong to the genus Alkanna, Lithospermum, Echium, Onosma, Anchusa and Cynoglossum of the Boraginaceae family. The chiral pair A/S are potent pharmaceutical substances with a well-established and wide spectrum of wound healing, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, radical scavenging and antithrombotic biological activity.The last years there has been extensive scientific research in many areas throughout the disciplines of chemistry and biology and more specifically in cancer chemotherapy and a number of papers have appeared in the literature. Significant research has been conducted on A/S effectiveness on several tumors and on their mechanism of anticancer action.A/S and their derivatives are susceptible to several transformations, such as photochemical decomposition, thermal degradation and polymerization. The stability of these substances during processing and storage is crucial to their use in pharmaceuticals and cosmetics, since polymerization of A/S results in a reduction in their antimicrobial activity, decrease in concentration of the active monomeric ones and to limited applications, due to loss of deep red colour and a decrease in solubility. Therefore, the determination of the impurities, degradation products or byproducts with the use of several analytical techniques, is of great importance. Additionally, the identification, qualitative and quantitative determination of A/S and their derivatives in raw materials for pharmaceuticals, such as natural products, samples prepared either by plant tissue cultures, or synthetically or by hydrolysis of naturally occurring IHN esters, is crucial for their use in pharmaceuticals.A large number of analytical techniques have been applied for the analysis and study of alkannin, shikonin and their derivatives. Chromatographic techniques used include TLC densitometry, Size Exclusion Chromatography, HPLC and chiral HPLC. The detection and identification techniques include: UV/Vis, IR, FTIR, 1 H 1D and 2D NMR, 13 C-NMR, mass spectrometry, FAB-MS, MALDI-MS, circular dichroism and indirect atomic absorption. Polarography, voltammetry, differential pulse voltammetry and even a photoacoustic technique for transdermal adsorption measurements have been utilized for qualitative and quantitative determinations of A/S and their derivatives. In the present study, all the above mentioned analytical methods on alkannins and shikonins are reviewed.

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Section: Roots Of Lithospermum Erythrorhizonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analytical Methods for the Determination of Alkannins and Shikonins

Papageorgiou¹,

Assimopoulou²,

Samanidou³

et al. 2006

COC

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“…The Lithospermum root was extracted by application of SFE [85]. Conventional methods of CC and HPLC for preparative separation of shikonin derivatives from plant extracts are reportedly tedious, and only a few works describing their precise analytical estimation have been reported [84,[86][87][88][89][90]. Fujita et al [86] reported separation of seven shikonin derivatives by HPLC with mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile-water-triethylamine-acetic acid (70:30:0.3:0.3, v/v/v/v) at 40 • C. Nickel and Carrol achieved a similar separation at 70 • C in a MicroPak MCH-10 (Varian) column [87].…”

Section: Shikoninmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Conventional methods of CC and HPLC for preparative separation of shikonin derivatives from plant extracts are reportedly tedious, and only a few works describing their precise analytical estimation have been reported [84,[86][87][88][89][90]. Fujita et al [86] reported separation of seven shikonin derivatives by HPLC with mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile-water-triethylamine-acetic acid (70:30:0.3:0.3, v/v/v/v) at 40 • C. Nickel and Carrol achieved a similar separation at 70 • C in a MicroPak MCH-10 (Varian) column [87]. Based on these reports, a modified HPLC method was developed by Bozan et al [91], and four derivatives of alkannin, found in relatively high amounts in the roots of Anatolian Arnebia densiflora, were determined quantitatively.…”

Section: Shikoninmentioning

confidence: 99%

Separation methods of quinonoid constituents of plants used in Oriental traditional medicines

Hazra

Sarma

Sanyal

2004

Journal of Chromatography B

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“…Λόγω μη διάθεσης άλλων ενώσεων αναφοράς, παραγώγων της αλκαννίνης ή σικονίνης, δεν ήταν δυνατή η χρωματογραφική ταυτοποίηση και άλλων κορυφών. Ομως συσχετίζοντας τη σειρά έκλουσης των παραγώγων αλκαννίνης ή σικονίνης σε άλλα χρωματογραφικά συστήματα [75][76][77]185] και λαμβάνοντας υπόψη τη χημική δομή τους και άρα τη λιποφιλικότητά τους και τη σειρά εκλουσής τους, καθώς και την περιεκτικότητα τους στα διάφορα εκχυλίσματα ανάλογων φυτών, καταλήγουμε στο συμπέρασμα, ότι οι κορυφές 2, 6 και 10 αντιστοιχούν πιθανώς στη β-υδροξυ-ισοβαλερυλαλκαννίνη, τερακρυλαλκαννίνη και α-μεθυλο-κ-βουτυλαλκαννίνη ή/και τα αντίστοιχα παράγωγα της σικονίνης. Τέλος για τον ποσοτικό προσδιορισμό των χρωστικών ενώσεων, παραγώγων της ναφθαζαρίνης, στα φυτικά εκχυλίσματα είχαμε στη διάθεση μας μόνο τρεις ενώσεις αναφοράς σε ικανοποιητική ποσότητα και καθαρότητα, όπως αναφέρεται στη συνέχεια.…”

Section: μεταβολή του είδους του οργανικού διαλύτηunclassified

Προσδιορισμος Ισοεξενυλοναφθαζαρινικων Παραγωγων Σε Φυσικα Και Βιομηχανικα Προιοντα

Chaisuksant¹

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42 3.2 Αντιδραστήρια 3.3 Διαδικασία απομόνωσης χρωστικών ενώσεων και παρασκευής αλκαννίνης 3.3.1 Μίγμα χρωστικών ενώσεων 3.3.2 Ενώσεις αναφοράς : αλκαννίνη, ακετυλαλκαννίνη και ισοβαλερυλαλκαννίνη 4. ΒΟΛΤΑΜΜΕΤΡΙΑ 52 4.1 Μελέτη της ηλεκτροχημικής συμπεριφοράς των ισοεξυνυλο-ναφθοκινονών 4.1.1 Κυκλική βολταμμετρία 4.1.2 Διαφορική παλμική βολταμμετρία (DPV) 57 4.2 Μελέτη των παραγόντων που επιδρούν στη διαφορική παλμική βολταμμετρική ανάλυση 60 4.2.1 Επαναληψιμότητα μετρήσεων των ρευμάτων και των δυναμικών κορυφής του GCE 4.2.2 Επίδραση του πλάτους του παλμού στα καθοδικά ρεύματα της αλκαννίνης 4.2.3 Επίδραση της θερμοκρασίας στα καθοδικά ρεύματα 4.2.4 Επίδραση του ύδατος 4.3 Έλεγχος της αξιοπιστίας της DPV 4.3.1 Καμπύλη αναφοράς και όριο ανίχνευσης 4.3.2 Επαναληψιμότητα της DPV 4.4 Προσδιορισμός της ολικής αλκαννίνης στο μίγμα των χρωστικών ενώσεων των ριζών του φυτού 4.4.1 Προετοιμασία του δείγματος 4.4.2 Μετρήσεις και αποτελέσματα με τη DPV 4.4.3 Σύγκριση με τη φασματοφωτομετρική μέθοδο 4.5 Προσδιορισμός ολικής αλκαννίνης στο δείγμα της αλοιφής 4.5.1 Προετοιμασία του δείγματος 4.5.2 Καμπύλη αναφοράς και όριο ανίχνευσης της DPV OCOC(Me)=CHMe

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Reversed-pase ion-pair high-performance liquid chromatography of napthazarins

Cited by 13 publications

References 6 publications

Analytical Methods for the Determination of Alkannins and Shikonins

Analytical Methods for the Determination of Alkannins and Shikonins

Separation methods of quinonoid constituents of plants used in Oriental traditional medicines

Προσδιορισμος Ισοεξενυλοναφθαζαρινικων Παραγωγων Σε Φυσικα Και Βιομηχανικα Προιοντα

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