Separation methods of quinonoid constituents of plants used in Oriental traditional medicines

Hazra, Banasri; Sarma, Madhushree Das; Sanyal, Utpal

doi:10.1016/j.jchromb.2004.08.007

Cited by 50 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 181 publications

(211 reference statements)

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“…Shikonin is an enantiomer of alkannin, which has historical references for treatment of ulcers as early as the 4th century BC and is found in the roots of European dye-plant Alkana tinctoria (Hazra et al, 2004). In addition, shikonin is currently used in various medicinal and cosmetics and dyestuffs in Japan, while alkannin is mainly used for food coloring and cosmetics in Europe and the US (Papageorgiou et al, 1999).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shikonin derivatives inhibited LPS-induced NOS in RAW 264.7 cells via downregulation of MAPK/NF-κB signaling

Cheng

Chang

Lin

et al. 2008

Journal of Ethnopharmacology

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shikonin derivatives inhibited LPS-induced NOS in RAW 264.7 cells via downregulation of MAPK/NF-κB signaling

Cheng

Chang

Lin

et al. 2008

Journal of Ethnopharmacology

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“…Physical and chemical analytical methods are only mentioned in brief. Recently, Hazra et al dealed with shikonin, among other quinonoid constituents of plants used in oriental traditional medicines in their review article, which focuses on the extraction, separation and analysis of the examined compounds from plant sources, cell cultures and biological fluids (Hazra et al, 2004). Recent advances in chemistry, biology, biosynthesis and biotechnology of alkannins and shikonins have been reported (Papageorgiou et al, in press, COC, 2006).…”

Section: Chemical Analysis Of Alkannins/ Shikoninsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analytical Methods for the Determination of Alkannins and Shikonins

Papageorgiou¹,

Assimopoulou²,

Samanidou³

et al. 2006

COC

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Isohexenylnaphthazarins (IHN), commonly known as Alkannins and Shikonins (A/S), are lipophilic red pigments. They are found in the underground parts, mainly roots, of at least a hundred and fifty species that belong to the genus Alkanna, Lithospermum, Echium, Onosma, Anchusa and Cynoglossum of the Boraginaceae family. The chiral pair A/S are potent pharmaceutical substances with a well-established and wide spectrum of wound healing, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, radical scavenging and antithrombotic biological activity.The last years there has been extensive scientific research in many areas throughout the disciplines of chemistry and biology and more specifically in cancer chemotherapy and a number of papers have appeared in the literature. Significant research has been conducted on A/S effectiveness on several tumors and on their mechanism of anticancer action.A/S and their derivatives are susceptible to several transformations, such as photochemical decomposition, thermal degradation and polymerization. The stability of these substances during processing and storage is crucial to their use in pharmaceuticals and cosmetics, since polymerization of A/S results in a reduction in their antimicrobial activity, decrease in concentration of the active monomeric ones and to limited applications, due to loss of deep red colour and a decrease in solubility. Therefore, the determination of the impurities, degradation products or byproducts with the use of several analytical techniques, is of great importance. Additionally, the identification, qualitative and quantitative determination of A/S and their derivatives in raw materials for pharmaceuticals, such as natural products, samples prepared either by plant tissue cultures, or synthetically or by hydrolysis of naturally occurring IHN esters, is crucial for their use in pharmaceuticals.A large number of analytical techniques have been applied for the analysis and study of alkannin, shikonin and their derivatives. Chromatographic techniques used include TLC densitometry, Size Exclusion Chromatography, HPLC and chiral HPLC. The detection and identification techniques include: UV/Vis, IR, FTIR, 1 H 1D and 2D NMR, 13 C-NMR, mass spectrometry, FAB-MS, MALDI-MS, circular dichroism and indirect atomic absorption. Polarography, voltammetry, differential pulse voltammetry and even a photoacoustic technique for transdermal adsorption measurements have been utilized for qualitative and quantitative determinations of A/S and their derivatives. In the present study, all the above mentioned analytical methods on alkannins and shikonins are reviewed.

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“…Traditional remedies based on natural products could be traced back over five millennia to written documents of the early civilizations [1]. Particularly, traditional Korean and Chinese oriental medicines herbs (OMHs) have attracted interest and acceptance in many countries with the merits of a few side effects, affordability, and local availability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Water, methanol, ethanol, and ethyl acetate (EA) were commonly used solvents for the extraction of bioactive compounds from plant materials and OMHs. The identification and relative amounts of five types of compounds in A. tegmentosum were determined by LC-MS, NMR, and on-line screening HPLC-ABTS + assay [1]. These techniques included on-line screening with HPLC post-column assay involving the ABTS + radical technique [11], allowing spectrophotometric monitoring of bioactive compounds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation and Bioactivity Analysis of Ethyl Acetate Extract fromAcer tegmentosumUsing In Vitro Assay and On-Line Screening HPLC-ABTS⁺System

Lee

Song

et al. 2014

Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry

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The Acer tegmentosum (3 kg) was extracted using hot water, and the freeze-dried extract powder was partitioned successively using dichloromethane (DCM), ethyl acetate (EA), butyl alcohol (n-BuOH), and water. From the EA extract fraction (1.24 g), five phenolic compounds were isolated by the silica gel, octadecyl silica gel, and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography. Based on spectroscopic methods such as 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and LC/MS the chemical structures of the compounds were confirmed as feniculin (1), avicularin (2), (+)-catechin (3), (−)-epicatechin (4), and 6′-O-galloyl salidroside (5). Moreover, a rapid on-line screening HPLC-ABTS+ system for individual bioactivity of the EA-soluble fraction (five phenolic compounds) was developed. The results indicated that compounds 1 and 2 were first isolated from the A. tegmentosum. The anti-inflammatory activities and on-line screening HPLC-ABTS+ assay method of these compounds in LPS-stimulated murine macrophages were rapid and efficient for the investigation of bioactivity of A. tegmentosum.

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Separation methods of quinonoid constituents of plants used in Oriental traditional medicines

Cited by 50 publications

References 181 publications

Shikonin derivatives inhibited LPS-induced NOS in RAW 264.7 cells via downregulation of MAPK/NF-κB signaling

Shikonin derivatives inhibited LPS-induced NOS in RAW 264.7 cells via downregulation of MAPK/NF-κB signaling

Analytical Methods for the Determination of Alkannins and Shikonins

Isolation and Bioactivity Analysis of Ethyl Acetate Extract fromAcer tegmentosumUsing In Vitro Assay and On-Line Screening HPLC-ABTS⁺System

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Separation methods of quinonoid constituents of plants used in Oriental traditional medicines

Cited by 50 publications

References 181 publications

Shikonin derivatives inhibited LPS-induced NOS in RAW 264.7 cells via downregulation of MAPK/NF-κB signaling

Shikonin derivatives inhibited LPS-induced NOS in RAW 264.7 cells via downregulation of MAPK/NF-κB signaling

Analytical Methods for the Determination of Alkannins and Shikonins

Isolation and Bioactivity Analysis of Ethyl Acetate Extract fromAcer tegmentosumUsing In Vitro Assay and On-Line Screening HPLC-ABTS+System

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Isolation and Bioactivity Analysis of Ethyl Acetate Extract fromAcer tegmentosumUsing In Vitro Assay and On-Line Screening HPLC-ABTS⁺System