Reverse spillover of avian viral vaccine strains from domesticated poultry to wild birds

Rohaim, Mohammed A.; Naggar, Rania F. El; Helal, Ahmed M.; Hussein, Heba; Munir, Muhammad

doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.05.033

Cited by 27 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Evidence of infections by the IBV vaccine virus or the infectious IBV strain to birds of other species has been reported before. Reverse spillover of the vaccine virus from domesticated birds to wild birds has been proposed by Devlin et al [5] and Rohaim et al [26]. Our results were similar to the previous study by Ito et al [18], which discovered that IB-like coronavirus from peafowl has close genetic relatedness with the IBV H120 vaccine strain.…”

Section: Isolatesupporting

confidence: 91%

Isolation and characterization of avian coronavirus from healthy Eclectus parrots (Eclectus roratus) from Indonesia

et al. 2019

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Background and Aim: Avian coronavirus has a wide range of hosts, from chickens and turkeys to wild birds. This virus causes an economically and, possibly, environmentally, important loss in the poultry industry. Therefore, research into the avian coronavirus in various species of birds is required. The Eclectus parrot (Eclectus roratus) is an endemic bird to Indonesia and Northern Australia and often kept as pets. At present, there has been limited information about avian coronavirus infection among birds. This study aimed to determine the presence of and to characterize avian coronavirus isolated from Eclectus parrots in Indonesia. Materials and Methods:Cloacal swab samples were taken from 10 healthy Eclectus parrots (E. roratus). Each isolate was propagated into specific pathogen-free embryonated chicken eggs. The presence of avian coronavirus was determined using three sets of primers targeting the 3' untranslated region (3'-UTR) of avian coronavirus (UTR41+/11−), the N gene of the infectious bronchitis virus (IBVN+/−), and the S1 gene of the IBV (XCE2+/XCE2−). The infectious bronchitis vaccine strain H120 was used as a positive control. Resulting positive bands were sequenced for the S1 gene.Results: None of the isolates was positive for the 3'-UTR, four isolates were positive for the N gene of infectious bronchitis, and two isolates were positive for the S1 gene of the IBV. However, only one isolate (parrot/Indonesia/BX9/16) was sequenced for the partial S1 gene with primers XCE2+/XCE2−. The partial nucleotide sequence of this isolate showed 100% homology with the IBV GI-13 lineage, specifically with a field isolate of the 4/91 variant 1 Israel and the 4/91 vaccine on the hypervariable region 3 site of the S1 gene. Conclusion:An IB-like avian coronavirus was isolated from healthy Eclectus parrots. Our results indicate that IBV has a wide range of hosts, which prompt the need to understand the interspecies connection of this virus better.

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Section: Isolatesupporting

confidence: 91%

Isolation and characterization of avian coronavirus from healthy Eclectus parrots (Eclectus roratus) from Indonesia

et al. 2019

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“…A relatively recent area of research at livestock-species interface is the spillover of viruses from the fared poultry into wild birds that can risk the wild birds' welfare. In commercial poultry farms, vaccination may have a significant effect on virus evolution [20] and possible spread to wild birds in vicinity [21,22]. Several spillover events of vaccine viruses from domestic poultry to wild birds have been reported such as Newcastle disease virus and infectious bronchitis virus [21,22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In commercial poultry farms, vaccination may have a significant effect on virus evolution [ 20 ] and possible spread to wild birds in vicinity [ 21 , 22 ]. Several spillover events of vaccine viruses from domestic poultry to wild birds have been reported such as Newcastle disease virus and infectious bronchitis virus [ 21 , 22 ]. Owing to high demands for free-range and backyard poultry production, the direct interaction between wild birds and farmed poultry is increasing [ 23 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential reverse spillover of infectious bursal disease virus at the interface of commercial poultry and wild birds

2020

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Recently, multiple spillover events between domesticated poultry and wild birds have been reported for several avian viruses. This phenomenon highlights the importance of the livestock-wildlife interface in the possible emergence of novel viruses. The aim of the current study was to investigate the potential spillover and epidemiological links of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) between wild birds and domestic poultry. To this end, twenty-eight cloacal swabs were collected from four species of free-living Egyptian wild birds (i.e. mallard duck, bean goose, white-fronted goose and black-billed magpie). Genetic and phylogenetic analysis of three positive isolates revealed that the IBDV/USC-1/2019 strain clustered with previously reported very virulent IBDV (vvIBDV) Egyptian isolates. Interestingly, two other wild bird-origin isolates (i.e. IBDV/USC-2/2019 and IBDV/USC-3/2019) grouped with a vaccine strain that is being used in commercial poultry. In conclusion, our results revealed the molecular detection of vaccine and vvIBDV-like strains in Egyptian wild birds and highlighted the potential role of wild birds in IBDV epidemiology in disease-endemic regions.

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“…Multiple vaccination regimens coupled with mass employment of live avulavirus 1 vaccine (e.g., LaSota) increases the probability of its spill-over (Devlin et al, 2016;Rohaim et al, 2017). Such spill-over may enhance additional events such as reversion of virulence and recombination with wild-type strain.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such spill-over may enhance additional events such as reversion of virulence and recombination with wild-type strain. A study reported the spill-over of LaSota strain into wild birds (Snoeck et al, 2013) because LaSota is most common vaccine strain being used worldwide (Martinez et al, 2017, Akhtar, et al, 2017 and, therefore, has every chance to be shed in environment from vaccinates (Rohaim et al, 2017). Previous studies have suggested that genetic evolution may be a consequence of evasion of immune response induced by vaccine strains or subsequent infection (Qin et al, 2008, Younus, et al, 2017.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative evolutionary and phylogenomic analysis of Avian avulaviruses 1–20

Ul-Rahman

Munir

Shabbir

2018

Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution

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Avian avulaviruses (avulaviruses or AAvVs) infect a wide range of avian species worldwide with variable clinical outcomes and economic impacts. Owing to broad host spectrum, several novel avulaviruses are being reported from both wild and domesticated birds that highlight the potential of the virus to evolve, adapt and emerge in susceptible population. Pathobiological and phylogenetic characterizations of individual avulaviruses are often demonstrated, however, a cumulative and comparative assessment of avulaviruses remains elusive. To assess evolutionary dynamics and potential emergence of novel avulaviruses, we enriched existing databases of all known avulaviruses (specie-type 1-20), and determined their genomics features based on both complete genomes and individual complete genes. While a high nucleotide divergence (up to 65.4%) was observed among avulaviruses, phylogenomic analysis revealed clustering of all avulaviruses into three distinct clades. The major clade (Clade-I) included both oldest and newest avulaviruses (2, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 14, 15 and 20) and the second clade (Clade-II) consisted of avulaviruses 1, 9, 12, 13, 16, 17, 18 and 19, whereas the third clade (Clade-III) carried only avulaviruses 3 and 4. Intriguingly, clustering pattern was descriptive for individual gene-based analysis, however, the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) and polymerase (L) genes showed clear and discrete branching patterns similar to complete genome-based clustering. Therefore, we propose the use of HN, or L genes or complete genome to study epidemiological aspects of the avulaviruses. Genomic and residue characteristics of all genes indicated a continuous evolution of the virus, and substitutions in biologically important motifs warrant future investigations to assess their roles in the pathobiology of the virus. Taken together, this comprehensive analysis of all known avulaviruses ascertains continuous monitoring and surveillance of wild/water-fowls and commercial poultry. These findings further our understanding on the evolutionary dynamics and potential emergence of novel avulaviruses and will establish bases to identify potential of wild-bird origin apathogenic viruses to cause infections in commercial poultry.

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Reverse spillover of avian viral vaccine strains from domesticated poultry to wild birds

Cited by 27 publications

References 23 publications

Isolation and characterization of avian coronavirus from healthy Eclectus parrots (Eclectus roratus) from Indonesia

Isolation and characterization of avian coronavirus from healthy Eclectus parrots (Eclectus roratus) from Indonesia

Potential reverse spillover of infectious bursal disease virus at the interface of commercial poultry and wild birds

Comparative evolutionary and phylogenomic analysis of Avian avulaviruses 1–20

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