Reverse phase high speed liquid chromatography of antibiotics. III. Use of ultra high performance columns and ion-pairing techniques.

Er, White; Je, Zarembo

doi:10.7164/antibiotics.34.836

Cited by 38 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Microparticulate reverse-phase columns are widely used for the HPLC analysis of ,-lactam antibiotics (2,3,9,10). Ion pair chromatography is employed with reverse-phase columns when dealing with a compound which is in an ionic form in the mobile phase and has to be ion paired to be retained on the column.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ion pair chromatography is employed with reverse-phase columns when dealing with a compound which is in an ionic form in the mobile phase and has to be ion paired to be retained on the column. Such methodology has recently been employed in analyzing fermentation broths containing cephalospQrin C and its metabolites (10 human origin allowed aztreonam to be separated from biological fluid components which were atypical to most of the serum and urine samples. A feature of ion pair chromatography is that the dipolar ion of aztreonam, as well as its disodium and dipotassium salts, forms the same chemical species; therefore, the HPLC retention time for all three forms of aztreonam was the same.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High-pressure liquid chromatographic analysis of aztreonam in sera and urine

Pilkiewicz¹,

Remsburg²,

Fisher³

et al. 1983

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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Aztreonam (SQ 26,776) is a new synthetic monocyclic P-lactam antibiotic which is specifically active against aerobic gram-negative bacteria. High-pressure liquid chromatographic (HPLC) systems were developed for the quantitative analysis of aztreonam in human, monkey, rat, mouse, and rabbit sera and urine. The HPLC conditions employed for these analyses were a ,uBondapak C18 column, a mobile phase made up of 0.005 M tetrabutylammonium hydrogen sulfate at pH 3.0 and acetonitrile or methanol, UV detection at 293 nm, and a flow rate of 2.0 ml/min. For human sera and urine, the mobile phase was 80%o 0.005 M tetrabutylammonium hydrogen sulfate-0.005M (NH4) 2SO4 and 20% acetonitrile (vol/vol). For the range of sera and urine, HPLC analyses were shown to have excellent detector linearity of aztreonam over a concentration range of 1.0 mg/ml to 0.5 ,ug/ml. Correlation coefficients for plots of aztreonam peak area versus its concentration were -0.990. The detection limit of aztreonam was 1.0 jig/ml in sera and 5.0 ,ug/ml in urine. HPLC and microbiological assays of aztreonam in human sera and urine were in good agreement.Aztreonam (SQ 26,776) (Fig. 1) is a totally synthetic monocyclic ,-lactam antibiotic specifically active against aerobic gram-negative bacteria (6). It is a member of the monobactams, naturally occurring 3-lactams produced by bacteria (7). This compound is currently undergoing clinical development, and human pharmacology data have been reported in detail (4,5).The assay of antibiotics in body fluids has traditionally been performed by microbiological assay, but recently high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) has been extensively employed as an alternative procedure (8,11 3.9 mm; length, 3.0 cm). The guard column was packed with Bondapak C18 on Corasil. For studies with both chromatographic systems, the following conditions were employed: a UV detector setting of 293 nm, a solvent flow rate of 2.0 ml/min, and a chart speed of 0.5 cm/min. Quantitation of aztreonam was performed by an external standard method of calculation, and peak area measurements were used.Aztreonam. Aztreonam, prepared in our laboratories, was used as either the dipolar ion form shown in Fig. 1 or the disodium or dipotassium salt formed from the free diacid.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-pressure liquid chromatographic analysis of aztreonam in sera and urine

Pilkiewicz¹,

Remsburg²,

Fisher³

et al. 1983

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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“…Virtually all drugs of this class can be determined by HPLC (White, 1981;Yoshikawa et aI., 1980). HPLC is especially useful for the analysis of penicillins (Miyazaki et aI., 1983;Twomey, 1981;White and Zarembo, 1981), cephalosporins (Brisson and Fourtillan, 1981), and chloramphenicol (Koup et al, 1978;Nilsson-Ehle and Nilsson-Ehle, 1978). Although HPLC methods have been extensively described for the aminoglycoside antibiotics (Anhalt and Brown, 1978;Back et aI., 1979;Essers, 1984;Kabra et aI., 1983;Maitra et aI., 1978;Walker and Coates, 1981), these techniques need the preparation of a fluorescent derivative, and therefore offer no particular advantages over other available methods, such as EMIT, SLFIA or FPIA.…”

Section: High-performance Liquid Chromatographymentioning

confidence: 98%

Serum Level Monitoring of Antibacterial Drugs

Wenk

Vozeh

Folláth

1984

Clinical Pharmacokinetics

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Serum concentration measurements of antibacterial agents are increasingly used to optimise drug dosage regimens. However, this approach is only justified for drugs with a low therapeutic index and poor predictability of serum concentrations, such as the aminoglycosides, chloramphenicol and vancomycin, whereas the penicillins and cephalosporins can safely be applied well above their minimum inhibitory concentrations. Wide interpatient variation in distribution and elimination are the main reasons for the unpredictability of aminoglycoside serum concentrations. It has been shown that in patients with normal creatinine clearance, the apparent elimination half-life of gentamicin varies from 0.4 to 7.6 hours. The pharmacokinetics of the aminoglycosides are most adequately described by a 3-compartment open model where the slow terminal half-life reflects elimination from the deep tissue compartment. The accumulation of the aminoglycosides in this compartment, which includes the kidneys and inner ear, is probably an important factor in their potential toxicity in these organs. Careful serum level monitoring may reduce, but cannot totally avoid, the risk of side effects. However, maintenance of effective drug levels appears to be at least an equally important goal of aminoglycoside serum level monitoring. Chloramphenicol is also a potentially toxic antibacterial agent. Its therapeutic range is usually considered to be 15 to 25 mg/L. The most important side effects are the 'grey baby syndrome' and bone marrow toxicity. Chloramphenicol is metabolised to several microbiologically inactive products. It also shows wide interpatient variability of its pharmacokinetics, especially in young children, and serum levels should therefore be followed in these patients. Vancomycin, a highly effective agent for staphylococcal and enterococcal infections, may also exhibit nephrotoxic and ototoxic side effects. A well-defined therapeutic range has not yet been established but in view of its minimum inhibitory concentrations it seems reasonable to maintain vancomycin serum concentrations between 15 and 50 mg/L. Since this drug is excreted unchanged in the urine, serum levels should particularly be monitored in patients with impaired renal function. The advances in routine therapeutic drug monitoring are directly related to rapid developments in technologies associated with the quantification of these agents. Microbiological plate diffusion assays are now often replaced by more specific immunoassays (radioimmunoassay, enzyme immunoassay, and fluorescence immunoassay) and chromatographic techniques.

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“…The retention time of solutes, such as proteins, peptides, or nucleotides can be modified by adding ion pairing agents to solution [15]. An ion-pairing agent could ionize and release positive or negative ions, which will bind to the sample molecules by ionic interactions and results in the modification of hydrophobicity.…”

Section: Ion-pairing Agentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chromatography Method

Li¹,

Han²,

Yu³

2013

Protein Engineering - Technology and Application

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Reverse phase high speed liquid chromatography of antibiotics. III. Use of ultra high performance columns and ion-pairing techniques.

Cited by 38 publications

References 1 publication

High-pressure liquid chromatographic analysis of aztreonam in sera and urine

High-pressure liquid chromatographic analysis of aztreonam in sera and urine

Serum Level Monitoring of Antibacterial Drugs

Chromatography Method

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