Neopentyl
glycol (NPG) is a promising next-generation environment-friendly
refrigerant, because NPG can release huge latent heat during a solid-phase
transition from a plastic crystal phase to a true crystal phase. However,
NPG has a very low thermal conductivity, which restricts its applications.
In this paper, we investigated the mechanisms of thermal transport of an NPG crystal by performing atomistic
molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Our simulation results obtained
the thermal conductivities of 0.50, 0.32, and 0.33 W m–1 K–1 at 298.15 K along the a*, b*, and c* directions,
respectively, which agree with the experimental results ranging from
0.15 to 0.42 W m–1 K–1. The anisotropy
of the thermal conductivity along the three directions is caused by
the hydrogen-bond network in NPG. We reveal the reasons for the low
thermal conductivity: the large gap between the low-frequency region
and the high-frequency region in the phonon spectrum and the ultrashort
phonon mean free path (MFP). The effective MFPs are only 1.28, 5.47,
and 2.22 nm along the a*, b*, and c* directions, respectively. In
addition, we find that the thermal conductivity is insensitive to
the temperature from 218.15 to 298.15 K, probably because the ultrashort
MFP is insensitive to the temperature. Furthermore, we find that vacancy
defects affect the thermal conductivity in an intriguing manner. When
the defect concentrations are 2 and 4%, the thermal conductivities
along the b* and c* directions increase abnormally with the increase
in temperature, which is related to the re-orientation of hydroxyl
groups upon the change in temperature. Overall, this work reveals
the molecular mechanism of the thermal transport of NPG, which should
provide valuable insights in enhancing the thermal conductivity of
NPG for the application as an environment-friendly refrigerant.